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            <title><![CDATA[光学设备随机振动与冲击标准：从两个案例到可执行规范]]></title>
            <link>https://www.xzhh.top/article/optical-vibration-shock-standard-guide</link>
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            <pubDate>Thu, 24 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[用陆运、空运、集成维护随机谱与15g/11ms半正弦冲击案例，拆解PSD、RMS、SRS、光学判据和企业试验规范的制定方法。]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-3e519b8a774a81be918cef454f862146"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1df2b76ca66742589974bbea05dd8ac7"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A5b04d9f4-6b14-4e42-9a6e-b15488cbc36a%3Aoptical-vibration-cover-v2.png?table=block&amp;id=1df2b76c-a667-4258-9974-bbea05dd8ac7&amp;t=1df2b76c-a667-4258-9974-bbea05dd8ac7" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-a56f16b154b2473b8b38a8a7e59d8607"><div>一套振动条件是否合理，不能只看“多少g”。随机振动要看能量分布和结构模态，冲击要同时看峰值、脉宽与SRS；对于光学设备，最终还要回答光轴、扫描精度和重复定位是否发生不可恢复漂移。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-table-of-contents notion-gray notion-block-82941df20ceb4b129d5e9d29c76d78dc"><a href="#d7dc5f5bf4d24310b226515da7d2dc27" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">一、为什么光学设备的振动标准最难定</span></a><a href="#563a69bf588146518e1916f6357269e9" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">二、先分清随机振动、正弦振动与冲击</span></a><a href="#cd1762a2f1b5492daf2b3ff80c71220b" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">三、案例一：三类随机振动谱应该怎样读</span></a><a href="#29edf128308a424085533f7a34d338d0" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">1. 第一处风险：PSD单位</span></a><a href="#9e715396673b48c9bc1741aefb187493" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">2. 第二处风险：只看RMS，不看谱形</span></a><a href="#f69b5e7a98be499fa6c07f4b1641fba2" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">3. 第三处风险：RMS没有复核</span></a><a href="#c9d098179c1f46c5ae1f960a0b51df39" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">四、案例二：15g、11ms半正弦冲击代表什么</span></a><a href="#336bb3135f3d4bab914ce2273da9e568" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">五、光学设备的判据不能只写“功能正常”</span></a><a href="#7502079cec9a49f08bde19f88df0c4e9" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">六、从真实环境形成试验标准</span></a><a href="#74ca9e8d90424ed485d3ba10dd02a63d" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">第一步：冻结任务剖面</span></a><a href="#33c249b3b5ae42beb46e351c8bf08fba" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">第二步：获取环境数据</span></a><a href="#ea95f2c12cac410983ca7f806205e069" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">第三步：处理结构传递</span></a><a href="#3213ae21a7b34276840ef21f92438a29" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">第四步：加入可追溯裕量</span></a><a href="#eb1b91f8fe0e4172bf7b74a1bc9ba48b" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">第五步：规定控制和保护</span></a><a href="#ef1e9537a3584fbb886a2cecac908f4a" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">七、鉴定、验收、筛选与包装验证必须分开</span></a><a href="#30c30448c96f48619fa63985f0f932ed" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">八、可以直接写进企业规范的12章</span></a><a href="#d0a1d14f98c047afa6de2ede58471e78" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">九、推荐引用的标准体系</span></a><a href="#d497aa9da7df48cda55b70c3b8b37170" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">写在最后</span></a></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-d7dc5f5bf4d24310b226515da7d2dc27" data-id="d7dc5f5bf4d24310b226515da7d2dc27"><span><div id="d7dc5f5bf4d24310b226515da7d2dc27" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#d7dc5f5bf4d24310b226515da7d2dc27" title="一、为什么光学设备的振动标准最难定"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">一、为什么光学设备的振动标准最难定</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2fc5ea29faae4b22bc60d2a5d8c77415">普通结构件可以用裂纹、变形、松动作为判据，但光学设备往往在外观完好、功能仍可启动时，已经出现微小光轴偏移、镜组姿态变化、扫描角误差或回零精度下降。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-7714bca2e74c4e0c816652473a307e7f">因此，光学设备的振动标准至少包含三条证据链：</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-bd78f6ba9172421e81fc2a0a6a344348" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>环境输入链：</b> 真实工况产生了什么频率、量级和持续时间；</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-07f0a74f14b1422785c73dc8ee2cc0dd" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>结构响应链：</b> 包装、夹具、安装界面和结构模态如何放大或衰减输入；</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-50135a600f66433bbbab5001a67337ae" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>性能结果链：</b> 响应是否造成结构损伤、功能中断或光学指标漂移。</li></ol><div class="notion-callout notion-blue_background_co notion-block-dc15b96b5fd24b68870d3e5761098174"><div class="notion-page-icon-inline notion-page-icon-span"><span class="notion-page-icon" role="img" aria-label="🎯">🎯</span></div><div class="notion-callout-text"><div class="notion-text notion-block-49ec65c54b6749018bbddececb8443cf">标准不是从IEC或ISO表格里“选一个最像的数”，而是把真实环境、结构动态响应和任务性能判据连接起来。</div></div></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-563a69bf588146518e1916f6357269e9" data-id="563a69bf588146518e1916f6357269e9"><span><div id="563a69bf588146518e1916f6357269e9" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#563a69bf588146518e1916f6357269e9" title="二、先分清随机振动、正弦振动与冲击"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">二、先分清随机振动、正弦振动与冲击</span></span></h3><table class="notion-simple-table notion-block-54dd7ee79730425a937de906ae209077"><tbody><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-simple-table-header-row notion-block-d98667974fa94c30b60ad619c6c34768"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">类型</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">输入定义</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">主要用途</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">典型标准</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-b311a1b0c6b347c6b0faf06f1dd3a0d0"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">正弦扫频</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">频率、位移/加速度、扫频速率</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">寻找共振与固定频率耐久</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">IEC 60068-2-6</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-a4b2819067514ea29e9d57ad761ce636"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">随机振动</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">PSD拐点、频带、总RMS、时长</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">模拟宽带环境、暴露疲劳与松动</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">IEC 60068-2-64</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-41c15a1196fe4a55a0b1d8e0d2545234"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">经典冲击</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">波形、峰值、脉宽、次数和方向</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">验证瞬态高载荷</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">IEC 60068-2-27</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-55b6cbc80f124d18b5820091cbcdd04d"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">SRS/时域冲击</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">冲击响应谱或实测时程</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">评估复杂冲击的结构响应</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">IEC 60068-2-81/-2-85</div></td></tr></tbody></table><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-cd1762a2f1b5492daf2b3ff80c71220b" data-id="cd1762a2f1b5492daf2b3ff80c71220b"><span><div id="cd1762a2f1b5492daf2b3ff80c71220b" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#cd1762a2f1b5492daf2b3ff80c71220b" title="三、案例一：三类随机振动谱应该怎样读"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">三、案例一：三类随机振动谱应该怎样读</span></span></h3><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3f3826f19c61427f83efe2e123f37a6c"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Abefc5a4e-ae15-429f-a127-01772d152b3c%3Arandom-vibration-example-v3.png?table=block&amp;id=3f3826f1-9c61-427f-83ef-e2e123f37a6c&amp;t=3f3826f1-9c61-427f-83ef-e2e123f37a6c" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-ef4b224dd37149f08718eb0ac936986a">你给出的三组条件分别对应：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-7eb960dbb4e74db9959451b1fa9edf70"><li>陆运卡车，带包装，1–200 Hz，每轴60 min，标称0.58 g RMS；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-8b82a3f17bbd4fcdba1a21387e0861d9"><li>空运，带包装，2–300 Hz，每轴60 min，标称1.49 g RMS；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-ee4b600c531841e6a0ea6a2fac20aa5f"><li>集成、工作、维护，不带包装，10–2000 Hz，每轴60 min，标称0.35 g RMS。</li></ul><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-29edf128308a424085533f7a34d338d0" data-id="29edf128308a424085533f7a34d338d0"><span><div id="29edf128308a424085533f7a34d338d0" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#29edf128308a424085533f7a34d338d0" title="1. 第一处风险：PSD单位"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">1. 第一处风险：PSD单位</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-56e4545590be48438cdb0d30e296f34e">原表使用 <b>(m/s²)²/Hz</b>，而很多振动控制器使用 <b>g²/Hz</b>。换算关系为：</div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-6bf3f10ef27546499eb2b18b18b16284">例如3 (m/s²)²/Hz约等于0.0312 g²/Hz。若把它直接录入为3 g²/Hz，总RMS会放大约9.81倍，属于严重过试验风险。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-9e715396673b48c9bc1741aefb187493" data-id="9e715396673b48c9bc1741aefb187493"><span><div id="9e715396673b48c9bc1741aefb187493" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#9e715396673b48c9bc1741aefb187493" title="2. 第二处风险：只看RMS，不看谱形"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2. 第二处风险：只看RMS，不看谱形</span></span></h4><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-8c27111d89994c619b41b2abdceb6df7"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A676e7503-30c3-4e2c-b101-32c295bdcf79%3Aspectrum-risk-map.svg?table=block&amp;id=8c27111d-8999-4c61-9b41-b2abdceb6df7&amp;t=8c27111d-8999-4c61-9b41-b2abdceb6df7" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-bb0510b9f52346dfa9e33d4a68fff681"><li>陆运谱的能量集中在低频并出现多个峰谷，更接近路面、车体和包装系统耦合后的输入；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-cd9586d787ad49bdb21c527d10fe6f2a"><li>空运谱在12–100 Hz形成高平台，总能量最高，容易激励整机和包装的低阶模态；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-ef072107d58c4c3bb1ae714aab8e91b9"><li>集成/维护谱总RMS较低，但500 Hz附近有窄带峰，可能正好打到镜架、连接器或电子器件的局部模态。</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-762c3b1443804e6faa58f2454c4bf5f2">两个谱即使总RMS相同，只要频率分布不同，对光学设备造成的响应也可能完全不同。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-f69b5e7a98be499fa6c07f4b1641fba2" data-id="f69b5e7a98be499fa6c07f4b1641fba2"><span><div id="f69b5e7a98be499fa6c07f4b1641fba2" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#f69b5e7a98be499fa6c07f4b1641fba2" title="3. 第三处风险：RMS没有复核"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">3. 第三处风险：RMS没有复核</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-0d1b70c1ac4d41e0b7212a79da016a40">总均方根加速度为：</div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-6eaf2cd4524c44cca695b8dd80c7ca78">对数坐标下，相邻拐点通常按幂律连接，再逐段积分。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-095a9c4aa97e49a78aae450950b74c52"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A1a0902ee-4a5e-4b90-9122-999544171e26%3Apsd-to-rms-method.svg?table=block&amp;id=095a9c4a-a97e-49a7-8aae-450950b74c52&amp;t=095a9c4a-a97e-49a7-8aae-450950b74c52" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-151ba6be248c48ee826aab82d35b9fcb">按该方法复核：</div><table class="notion-simple-table notion-block-319dfeca43f74344beab08d72bc6bd9b"><tbody><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-simple-table-header-row notion-block-0f9b5cf26c8441e98860d015523ece62"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">工况</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">计算值</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">原表</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">判断</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-3dad47f49a5140d9bf651f57b912ed51"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">陆运卡车</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">0.589 g RMS</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">0.58 g</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">一致</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-200e556b6e1448d1a0b54fe7f1779ee1"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">空运</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">1.517 g RMS</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">1.49 g</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">基本一致，差异来自取整或控制器算法</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-05262521462845dbb5343b7c27360375"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">集成/工作/维护</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">0.356 g RMS</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">0.35 g</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">一致</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="notion-callout notion-yellow_background_co notion-block-e579dd1aa6354d16a04677dce8e09b6a"><div class="notion-page-icon-inline notion-page-icon-span"><span class="notion-page-icon" role="img" aria-label="⚠️">⚠️</span></div><div class="notion-callout-text"><div class="notion-text notion-block-f90431c8233e41ff9bc73fff69acda32">规范中必须明确PSD单位、拐点插值方式、控制器计算规则及允许取整误差，否则同一张表在不同实验室可能得到不同的输入量级。</div></div></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-c9d098179c1f46c5ae1f960a0b51df39" data-id="c9d098179c1f46c5ae1f960a0b51df39"><span><div id="c9d098179c1f46c5ae1f960a0b51df39" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#c9d098179c1f46c5ae1f960a0b51df39" title="四、案例二：15g、11ms半正弦冲击代表什么"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">四、案例二：15g、11ms半正弦冲击代表什么</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3acb4d91e6f4418daaf25cb030ea5d20">第二个案例为运输包装状态下的15 g半正弦冲击，脉冲宽度11 ms，每个方向3次。若三轴正负方向全部施加，则总次数为：</div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-b42619c076c6491e90c72666988910cb">半正弦波形可表达为：</div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-3203943947f94942a033a2651ab45ec4">其中A=15g，τ=11ms。其速度变化量约为：</div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-text notion-block-b93aa29ec116415d86b73c55f437ace5">这解释了为什么不能只比较峰值。15g/11ms与15g/3ms虽然峰值相同，但速度变化量、低频能量和结构响应并不相同。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-ba9f8bd33a134560be2017ce9353aa64"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Ada0f631a-6be0-472a-b248-8ae4da563f32%3Ashock-srs-relationship.svg?table=block&amp;id=ba9f8bd3-3a13-4560-be20-17ce9353aa64&amp;t=ba9f8bd3-3a13-4560-be20-17ce9353aa64" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-d58d7a0cba074d95998066c442a522ab">经典波形主要控制输入；SRS描述不同固有频率单自由度系统可能达到的最大响应。对精密光学设备，建议在时域波形容差之外增加SRS检查，避免“波形合格但结构响应不等效”。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-9a835fbd47424959abffc00f2c28e5b4">冲击规范还应明确：峰值与脉宽容差、横向运动限制、测量带宽、采样率、滤波、安装姿态、脉冲间隔、通电状态、功能监测、暂停条件及过试验处理。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-336bb3135f3d4bab914ce2273da9e568" data-id="336bb3135f3d4bab914ce2273da9e568"><span><div id="336bb3135f3d4bab914ce2273da9e568" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#336bb3135f3d4bab914ce2273da9e568" title="五、光学设备的判据不能只写“功能正常”"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">五、光学设备的判据不能只写“功能正常”</span></span></h3><table class="notion-simple-table notion-block-e4ca1af9bbd0471b943bb19c6a94f378"><tbody><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-simple-table-header-row notion-block-e89d953a21d4497c9577cfe46a4a3435"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">判据层级</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">建议监测量</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">典型失效</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-7cbe864299ab4a93891895cd121f307f"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">结构完整性</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">紧固、胶接、线缆、镜片、限位</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">松动、裂纹、脱粘、碰撞</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-dc4f8a6e5b694c2a94e9fde25b1d372b"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">功能连续性</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">启动、扫描、通信、编码器、状态机</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">掉线、失步、复位、瞬时中断</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-51777d257f034e00a23b5294c0256d0f"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">光学性能</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">光斑位置、指向、焦点、波前、MTF</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">光轴漂移、离焦、像质下降</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-d07aa74a462442b5b8e145d25e7c38fd"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">任务性能</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">扫描角、重复定位、回零、长期保持</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">指标超差或不可恢复漂移</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="notion-text notion-block-b34b0d98e21a4fedba6ac14608e3c2fa">针对双光楔扫描装置，建议把扫描角度精度、重复定位精度、回零精度、光学位置偏差作为主判据；将驱动电流、编码器误差、通信事件、壳体与关键镜架响应作为辅助诊断量。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-93660f6198214bd8ab081bd88939af55">判定应分三个时间窗口：</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-e3d9d2b2ddb545a589ab8d96d4758dcc" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>试验过程中：</b> 不允许不可接受的掉线、复位、失步或性能突变；</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-b3c5c1e86c774f1fa06ca9e61e723141" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>试验后立即：</b> 功能完整、结构无损伤、关键指标不越界；</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-5f038fa74bdf49a1b2071faee2bf8ec5" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>规定恢复后：</b> 在22±2℃静置规定时间，再判断永久漂移是否超过误差预算。</li></ol><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-7502079cec9a49f08bde19f88df0c4e9" data-id="7502079cec9a49f08bde19f88df0c4e9"><span><div id="7502079cec9a49f08bde19f88df0c4e9" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#7502079cec9a49f08bde19f88df0c4e9" title="六、从真实环境形成试验标准"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">六、从真实环境形成试验标准</span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-74ca9e8d90424ed485d3ba10dd02a63d" data-id="74ca9e8d90424ed485d3ba10dd02a63d"><span><div id="74ca9e8d90424ed485d3ba10dd02a63d" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#74ca9e8d90424ed485d3ba10dd02a63d" title="第一步：冻结任务剖面"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">第一步：冻结任务剖面</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-1cda5b06f890499eaa3bce8bd5df9319">分别定义陆运、空运、装卸、集成、工作和维护状态；写清产品是否带包装、是否通电、安装方向、暴露时长和任务次数。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-33c249b3b5ae42beb46e351c8bf08fba" data-id="33c249b3b5ae42beb46e351c8bf08fba"><span><div id="33c249b3b5ae42beb46e351c8bf08fba" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#33c249b3b5ae42beb46e351c8bf08fba" title="第二步：获取环境数据"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">第二步：获取环境数据</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-e4b35fb266464f5496d4f894ffe764a8">使用三轴加速度传感器记录真实时程，并同步标记车辆、路况、装卸、起降、设备转速和异常事件。随机段计算PSD和统计包络；冲击段提取峰值、脉宽、速度变化和SRS。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-ea95f2c12cac410983ca7f806205e069" data-id="ea95f2c12cac410983ca7f806205e069"><span><div id="ea95f2c12cac410983ca7f806205e069" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#ea95f2c12cac410983ca7f806205e069" title="第三步：处理结构传递"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">第三步：处理结构传递</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-e1d2e935631f4a08bbaa69b010869ee7">控制点应靠近产品—夹具接口；响应点布置在镜组、扫描机构、连接器和壳体等关键位置。先用低量级扫频或随机摸底识别模态，区分产品响应与夹具共振。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-3213ae21a7b34276840ef21f92438a29" data-id="3213ae21a7b34276840ef21f92438a29"><span><div id="3213ae21a7b34276840ef21f92438a29" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#3213ae21a7b34276840ef21f92438a29" title="第四步：加入可追溯裕量"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">第四步：加入可追溯裕量</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-017c1de8b11547929692445f65178580">测量误差、路线差异、样本差异、寿命累积和模型误差应分别说明。不要把所有不确定性简单压成一个没有依据的“加6dB”。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-eb1b91f8fe0e4172bf7b74a1bc9ba48b" data-id="eb1b91f8fe0e4172bf7b74a1bc9ba48b"><span><div id="eb1b91f8fe0e4172bf7b74a1bc9ba48b" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#eb1b91f8fe0e4172bf7b74a1bc9ba48b" title="第五步：规定控制和保护"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">第五步：规定控制和保护</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-097c9164bd9448038f275dcc27f3f080">写明单点/平均控制、控制容差、响应限制、notching规则、中断规则及过试验判定。光学设备若在某模态处出现高放大，应以结构安全与真实环境上限共同确定响应限值。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-ef1e9537a3584fbb886a2cecac908f4a" data-id="ef1e9537a3584fbb886a2cecac908f4a"><span><div id="ef1e9537a3584fbb886a2cecac908f4a" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#ef1e9537a3584fbb886a2cecac908f4a" title="七、鉴定、验收、筛选与包装验证必须分开"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">七、鉴定、验收、筛选与包装验证必须分开</span></span></h3><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2d0db7908ad648c484be74814d055b6c"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Af243c65a-460e-46d0-887f-3b8559c2c35b%3Atest-level-matrix.svg?table=block&amp;id=2d0db790-8ad6-48c4-84be-74814d055b6c&amp;t=2d0db790-8ad6-48c4-84be-74814d055b6c" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-80e1f3fd6dd843689d7229a8b35eedd8"><li>鉴定试验用于证明设计裕度和环境适应性；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-0f73629fdac547f3996112c743cc307c"><li>验收试验用于确认交付产品的一致性，量级应避免明显耗寿；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-65580cecc03647cfa7e22697bc49954b"><li>ESS用于析出批量制造缺陷，必须用缺陷析出率和过筛风险持续优化；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-d906bffb1a004681b26bf1e79cc6fd28"><li>包装运输验证考核包装—产品系统，不能替代裸机结构鉴定。</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-f79b5ca2602741f382ac84909fbd1d3b">推荐总体顺序：装配与版本冻结 → 常温基线 → 低量级模态调查 → 包装随机振动与冲击 → 拆箱静置与完整复测 → 裸机工作振动 → 温度循环或长期运行 → 最终标定、拆检与失效分析。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-30c30448c96f48619fa63985f0f932ed" data-id="30c30448c96f48619fa63985f0f932ed"><span><div id="30c30448c96f48619fa63985f0f932ed" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#30c30448c96f48619fa63985f0f932ed" title="八、可以直接写进企业规范的12章"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">八、可以直接写进企业规范的12章</span></span></h3><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-fb030517b75b4efaa0189181c9b208cb" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>目的与适用范围；</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-bbf639310f0d4d4eb598b4ac9967a991" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>引用标准和优先级；</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-137f5ea43793467abeba8c328e51e162" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>术语、单位、坐标和插值方法；</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-07c552beb2d744ab858714fcf4ba1395" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>样品、数量、版本与追溯；</li></ol><ol start="5" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-6503c178f38d46e48594eaca85a075c3" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>试验状态、包装与安装方式；</li></ol><ol start="6" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-15a337c4d2d5478698c432a7f9d4ac72" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>设备、夹具、传感器与测量链；</li></ol><ol start="7" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-c21a554c820d423cbe306504f0483c0e" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>预处理和试前性能基线；</li></ol><ol start="8" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-a61739f67fb14422b47559753409972b" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>随机谱、RMS、容差、方向和时长；</li></ol><ol start="9" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-bec49c4f94fc452e9c340d76aa826d5f" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>冲击波形、峰值、脉宽、方向和次数；</li></ol><ol start="10" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-4b8a7c9ffef04553b31cddeb1d8c045d" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>过程监测、响应限制、中断与过试验；</li></ol><ol start="11" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-628174ca406f47ef97a9c08dad46978a" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>结构、功能、光学和任务性能判据；</li></ol><ol start="12" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2e5b750c77b44c8090334d8d8d94b8b9" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>原始数据、照片、曲线、异常与报告要求。</li></ol><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-d0a1d14f98c047afa6de2ede58471e78" data-id="d0a1d14f98c047afa6de2ede58471e78"><span><div id="d0a1d14f98c047afa6de2ede58471e78" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#d0a1d14f98c047afa6de2ede58471e78" title="九、推荐引用的标准体系"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">九、推荐引用的标准体系</span></span></h3><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-0de6737b47904134897984ac1035a9ce"><li>IEC 60068-2-6：正弦振动；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-f4f0c4b3e3ac48d7a898eabe92d959e6"><li>IEC 60068-2-64：宽带随机振动；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-308ca0cf182c4028a8438d9f6332427b"><li>IEC 60068-2-27：经典冲击；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b85ca10f7e84cf697d569438cc77516"><li>IEC 60068-2-47：振动和冲击试验的安装；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-32563d6c11734e7099615f427add5ed5"><li>IEC 60068-2-81：冲击响应谱综合；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-c97d3351dd194edf97546ca56b8b12a1"><li>IEC 60068-2-85：长时程冲击；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2e273938652f40ba9658e51b4f956be5"><li>IEC 60068-3-8：振动试验方法选择；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-a3c60bcf5c9b4310ab013a54af28d913"><li>ISO 9022-3：光学与光子学仪器机械应力；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-651339aa3aec47b382acc842e8486c8c"><li>ISO 9022-22：温度或干热与随机振动/冲击组合。</li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-d497aa9da7df48cda55b70c3b8b37170" data-id="d497aa9da7df48cda55b70c3b8b37170"><span><div id="d497aa9da7df48cda55b70c3b8b37170" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#d497aa9da7df48cda55b70c3b8b37170" title="写在最后"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">写在最后</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-7b5d553326dd4833bf328f55c5523ce5">你给出的两组参数已经具有规范雏形：随机振动给出了PSD拐点、RMS、方向和时长；冲击给出了峰值、波形、脉宽与次数。但若要成为可执行、可复现、可判定的光学设备标准，还必须补齐单位、插值方式、安装状态、控制容差、响应限制、光学判据、恢复条件和数据要求。</div><div class="notion-callout notion-red_background_co notion-block-91d64baa83a7470fbd41401af327d9d6"><div class="notion-page-icon-inline notion-page-icon-span"><span class="notion-page-icon" role="img" aria-label="🔁">🔁</span></div><div class="notion-callout-text"><div class="notion-text notion-block-21b67b85d7c840589ce376d57e74e890">最重要的不是继续提高g值，而是形成“真实环境—结构响应—光学性能—失效机理—标准回灌”的闭环。</div></div></div></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
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            <title><![CDATA[可靠性工程师工作全流程：从需求定义到失效闭环]]></title>
            <link>https://www.xzhh.top/article/reliability-engineer-full-workflow</link>
            <guid>https://www.xzhh.top/article/reliability-engineer-full-workflow</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 21 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[系统拆解可靠性工程师从需求、风险分析、试验设计、数据判定到失效闭环与经验回灌的完整工作方法。]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-3e219b8a774a81ccb26dc5884c3e2acd"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-7a51311114ae40818e140df8a78787df"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Aed2cbd80-88c6-44b9-afcb-8136a14f0df5%3Areliability-engineer-workflow-cover.png?table=block&amp;id=7a513111-14ae-4081-8e14-0df8a78787df&amp;t=7a513111-14ae-4081-8e14-0df8a78787df" alt="可靠性工程师工作全流程封面" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">可靠性工程师工作全流程封面</figcaption></div></figure><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-ed43d41f84304e8cbc17b040dc0dbf57"><div>可靠性工程师的价值，不是把产品送进试验箱，再给出一张“合格/不合格”的报告；而是建立一套从需求到风险、从试验到失效、再从失效回到设计的工程闭环。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-table-of-contents notion-gray notion-block-5a0afc9c6b444178b1f139d1ee9302ae"><a href="#33c1796206944f94921ec875eb719f6f" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">一、可靠性不是研发末端的一组试验</span></a><a href="#f59a0e8783204bae9e0ef1333f7d8e71" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">二、可靠性工程师工作全流程</span></a><a href="#527224b446e949cb9dd990095eca8a1f" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">三、阶段一：定义任务、环境、寿命与失效</span></a><a href="#8b2453ee3f8f44d9950e1a99db955cf0" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">四、阶段二：把整机目标分解到功能链</span></a><a href="#341134751c2745aab9448a312ea04983" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">五、阶段三：风险识别不是填FMEA表</span></a><a href="#8f8a9e4db8964599a762cd786996deb4" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">六、阶段四：试验设计的核心是“应力—机理—监测量”</span></a><a href="#d12aa0d5ea8e48e4b3fcfb96e0622f90" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">七、阶段五：试验执行必须建立“四段数据”</span></a><a href="#e5d7ee4b9c5f43b49fe25a3bb2c4d127" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">八、图片实例：激光器模块温振异常闭环</span></a><a href="#eade6af893314a3a83ca9a6103b83da5" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">1. 保护现场并确认异常有效</span></a><a href="#ef86c14f77c949c6a2f7385a10a62d63" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">2. 沿功能链隔离</span></a><a href="#52f349145bb540808be1658a87b27a0a" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">3. 建立根因证据链</span></a><a href="#31a0a6ce55d946a2b824dde047c1a1d0" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">4. 整改与回归</span></a><a href="#b0746256e1ab47089b4fd25d6fea2fb5" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">九、阶段六：失效闭环的八段式结构</span></a><a href="#b3c14da228ad4511b6bc46f2f33c8f5e" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">十、阶段七：把一次问题变成组织能力</span></a><a href="#400cf4fcff7343ba9e1c605de7f6e342" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">十一、优秀可靠性工程师的能力结构</span></a><a href="#eb7f609e27d94c58a09b985f4f3644e9" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">写在最后</span></a></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-33c1796206944f94921ec875eb719f6f" data-id="33c1796206944f94921ec875eb719f6f"><span><div id="33c1796206944f94921ec875eb719f6f" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#33c1796206944f94921ec875eb719f6f" title="一、可靠性不是研发末端的一组试验"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">一、可靠性不是研发末端的一组试验</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-87f4f1bbcf6d400daf3ecafa599c2700">很多团队把可靠性理解成高低温、振动、冲击和老化测试。这样最多能证明“这几台样机在这组条件下没有立即失效”，却不能回答产品在真实环境、目标寿命和批量波动下是否可靠。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-c56ae5286f9e4283972f44af78fd8ff2">成熟的可靠性工作必须回答六个问题：</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-86e6f97d1cba4825b2325448e13f183e" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>产品在什么任务、环境与寿命边界下工作？</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-5d8d302aca5744109d71f693ab2c2602" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>哪些部件、接口和失效机理最可能导致任务失败？</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-dfb789c49a9646fba5b56a875cfe18e0" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>用什么分析或试验，以合理成本暴露风险？</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-65206b0293184979b4d7bceb956164cf" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>采集哪些数据，才能发现退化而不仅是停机？</li></ol><ol start="5" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-a6e4765e374145b9ba322c78c9fa2850" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>异常出现后，怎样证明根因并验证整改？</li></ol><ol start="6" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-11a7d89a8b0f480282f5ce082aeddd0f" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>如何把经验回灌到需求、设计、工艺和供应链？</li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-010fabc9469847669f80a53c59987991">因此，可靠性工程师不是测试执行者，而是<b>产品风险闭环的系统工程师</b>。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-f59a0e8783204bae9e0ef1333f7d8e71" data-id="f59a0e8783204bae9e0ef1333f7d8e71"><span><div id="f59a0e8783204bae9e0ef1333f7d8e71" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#f59a0e8783204bae9e0ef1333f7d8e71" title="二、可靠性工程师工作全流程"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">二、可靠性工程师工作全流程</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-e3bd5a46029f43e7ae4545326a06bb68">这不是一次性的瀑布流程。版本变化、供应商变更和现场数据都会触发新一轮风险识别。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-527224b446e949cb9dd990095eca8a1f" data-id="527224b446e949cb9dd990095eca8a1f"><span><div id="527224b446e949cb9dd990095eca8a1f" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#527224b446e949cb9dd990095eca8a1f" title="三、阶段一：定义任务、环境、寿命与失效"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">三、阶段一：定义任务、环境、寿命与失效</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-019a158e353c4f3c84e154e21d7f3a3b">“产品要稳定可靠”无法直接验证，必须翻译为四类工程边界：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-01b84acef76c414c813db8f53fdc611b"><li><b>任务剖面：</b> 待机、启动、稳态运行、调整、关机分别持续多久？</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-7faa351e8a344c8eb71102266fbab076"><li><b>环境剖面：</b> 温湿度、振动、冲击、洁净度、电磁环境和运输条件是什么？</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-788d65f9347f4ac7ad9b9dd5cc2b9839"><li><b>载荷剖面：</b> 电压、水温、水流、光功率、转速与循环次数怎样变化？</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2ebfa33f65ba4b9eb8068287aedf9e0b"><li><b>寿命剖面：</b> 日运行时间、启停频次、维护周期、设计寿命与贮存时间是多少？</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-3b0fd22f054449049bc88511291e0b4c">还要提前定义失效判据。失效不只等于“完全不工作”，还包括精度下降、漂移超限、初始化失败、偶发掉线、恢复时间变长、噪声增大和状态不可监测。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-7869558430af4e7eb059b781837aa13b">本阶段的关键交付物包括任务/环境剖面、可靠性需求清单、性能退化判据、假设约束和需求追溯关系。</div><div class="notion-callout notion-yellow_background_co notion-block-c8b6656e5ddb4de2babe6734938d95a5"><div class="notion-page-icon-inline notion-page-icon-span"><span class="notion-page-icon" role="img" aria-label="⚠️">⚠️</span></div><div class="notion-callout-text"><div class="notion-text notion-block-3479728535344d3dadd234cd28fe8088">没有明确失效判据的试验，最终往往只能靠现场争论来判断“算不算失败”。</div></div></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-8b2453ee3f8f44d9950e1a99db955cf0" data-id="8b2453ee3f8f44d9950e1a99db955cf0"><span><div id="8b2453ee3f8f44d9950e1a99db955cf0" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#8b2453ee3f8f44d9950e1a99db955cf0" title="四、阶段二：把整机目标分解到功能链"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">四、阶段二：把整机目标分解到功能链</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-677aa3fd0ce3484c86b96f2b86cfbe63">可靠性指标不能停在整机层面，应沿“整机—分系统—模块—部件—接口”逐层展开。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-bc3a953b626d4a88876b4cf310c74f68">以精密激光器模块为例，任务成功依赖光学输出、热管理、电源驱动、连接器与线缆、安装结构以及控制监测。任何一条链路中断，都可能造成任务失败。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2f704683472043429d158cc7c7e22e9b">这一阶段要形成可靠性框图、关键功能链、单点失效清单和指标分配依据。分配不是平均拆数字，而要结合架构、冗余、故障后果、维修策略和成熟度。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-341134751c2745aab9448a312ea04983" data-id="341134751c2745aab9448a312ea04983"><span><div id="341134751c2745aab9448a312ea04983" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#341134751c2745aab9448a312ea04983" title="五、阶段三：风险识别不是填FMEA表"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">五、阶段三：风险识别不是填FMEA表</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-599c4d1df7854b909a1aab10c64d998a">FMEA的价值，是把隐性的工程担忧变成显性的验证任务。风险通常从四个入口识别：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-63ccd9c81b784d59bef3c55d57f38701"><li><b>设计：</b> 材料失配、应力集中、预紧不足、热路径、公差叠加、运动磨损；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-5cf55d5d8e9a417e83ae6d31fb0cf2e9"><li><b>接口：</b> 连接器松脱、线缆拖拽、屏蔽接地、冷却接头、通信与供电瞬态；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-529b7f979c1b4774aeb6ec0b0dd8397e"><li><b>过程：</b> 加工偏差、装配一致性、清洁污染、胶粘固化、力矩和供应商波动；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-93411e5300ec4550b044b5338a802e46"><li><b>场景：</b> 运输冲击、温循、长期运行、反复启停、误操作和维护扰动。</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-a43714f30ca34fa6a550f142516447e5">风险排序不能只看RPN。应优先处理高严重度、难监测、未覆盖、跨接口耦合以及现场重复发生的问题。每个高风险项都要映射到设计消除、裕量分析、工艺控制、供应商管控、监测告警或可靠性试验。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-8f8a9e4db8964599a762cd786996deb4" data-id="8f8a9e4db8964599a762cd786996deb4"><span><div id="8f8a9e4db8964599a762cd786996deb4" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#8f8a9e4db8964599a762cd786996deb4" title="六、阶段四：试验设计的核心是“应力—机理—监测量”"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">六、阶段四：试验设计的核心是“应力—机理—监测量”</span></span></h3><table class="notion-simple-table notion-block-9753b2d89a62411a8bd129f9ad123f6d"><tbody><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-simple-table-header-row notion-block-8370d813a6dc47d288c117f4cb61b2fb"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">要素</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">需要回答的问题</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-d7f783772ba94475a5da6b9020fa1075"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">试验目的</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">验证哪条需求、暴露哪种风险？</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-367a79a9e7e348adaaa3293605490a0d"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">应力条件</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">应力来源是什么，量级和持续时间依据是什么？</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-878c1570c0a44e96b8710c224bab2af0"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">样本与顺序</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">样本量是否支持结论，前项试验会不会影响后项？</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-e8f397ddae934092bcc097e291721578"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">监测量</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">除功能结果外，监控哪些性能量、状态量和环境量？</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-f5789dd0264d4faa93d6eb699b5821b2"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">判定规则</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">基线、过程、恢复后分别怎样判定？</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-27b4596dade548f981f0d2de94f75e27"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">追溯要求</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">样机、版本、仪器、人员和原始数据如何关联？</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="notion-text notion-block-ea9256aadfc4430896a6b7905abf14a6">常见试验分别回答不同问题：高低温工作验证边界适应性；温度循环暴露界面疲劳和预紧变化；随机振动暴露共振、松动和线缆问题；冲击检查瞬态高载荷风险；重复上下电暴露启动时序与电源冲击；长期稳定性观察漂移、磨损和污染；EMC验证扰动下是否误动作、失联或性能劣化。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-c04f79e8b1e44015936f3eafa705cff7">试验越多不等于覆盖越好。真正有效的是：每项试验对应风险，每个高风险都有控制或验证手段。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-d12aa0d5ea8e48e4b3fcfb96e0622f90" data-id="d12aa0d5ea8e48e4b3fcfb96e0622f90"><span><div id="d12aa0d5ea8e48e4b3fcfb96e0622f90" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#d12aa0d5ea8e48e4b3fcfb96e0622f90" title="七、阶段五：试验执行必须建立“四段数据”"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">七、阶段五：试验执行必须建立“四段数据”</span></span></h3><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-b01e6ddf63df4a1098a4de1ed2651471" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>试验前基线：</b> 建立样机健康状态、性能分布和版本基准。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-5fc70ce34acf4dbc9885aa776fb12f86" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>应力加载过程：</b> 连续记录环境量、状态量、性能量和事件日志。</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-a0a14347e88d49a981a2ba087cd61c11" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>应力后复测：</b> 判断是否出现永久退化、松动或偏移。</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-aea23fa4924443178b2be7d1be3ab650" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>恢复期数据：</b> 区分可恢复漂移、滞后效应和不可逆损伤。</li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-d3e69816432f4967b67020e768ef6097">单点终检只能看到“最终是否通过”，连续数据才能回答“何时开始变坏、与什么变量相关、失效前有什么征兆”。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-9475b86e4c344c59b572c8fe9e0a53cd">分析时应关注趋势、突变、周期性、离群点、变量相关性和样机差异。先识别粗大误差，再区分系统偏差与随机波动，避免把测量系统问题误判成产品问题。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-e5d7ee4b9c5f43b49fe25a3bb2c4d127" data-id="e5d7ee4b9c5f43b49fe25a3bb2c4d127"><span><div id="e5d7ee4b9c5f43b49fe25a3bb2c4d127" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#e5d7ee4b9c5f43b49fe25a3bb2c4d127" title="八、图片实例：激光器模块温振异常闭环"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">八、图片实例：激光器模块温振异常闭环</span></span></h3><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-a6f1a6b640d14aee89d74e78ac6ea775"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A9d2ad7e9-7b64-45fd-a560-10d3e0c1931e%3Alaser-module-reliability-case.png?table=block&amp;id=a6f1a6b6-40d1-4aee-89d7-4e78ac6ea775&amp;t=a6f1a6b6-40d1-4aee-89d7-4e78ac6ea775" alt="激光器模块可靠性异常闭环示意图" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">激光器模块可靠性异常闭环示意图</figcaption></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-8057945d990449b2b2b8c42cf63e6041">假设某激光器模块在温度循环叠加振动后，光功率短时波动增大，连接状态偶发异常。最终功能检查仍能通过，但过程数据已经出现缓慢漂移。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-eade6af893314a3a83ca9a6103b83da5" data-id="eade6af893314a3a83ca9a6103b83da5"><span><div id="eade6af893314a3a83ca9a6103b83da5" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#eade6af893314a3a83ca9a6103b83da5" title="1. 保护现场并确认异常有效"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">1. 保护现场并确认异常有效</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-907c3cdde7b54974a3091dfd07f8b2bd">冻结软件、硬件、样机和仪器版本，检查时间同步、采样丢点、仪器量程和测试线缆，先排除测试系统产生的假异常。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-ef86c14f77c949c6a2f7385a10a62d63" data-id="ef86c14f77c949c6a2f7385a10a62d63"><span><div id="ef86c14f77c949c6a2f7385a10a62d63" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#ef86c14f77c949c6a2f7385a10a62d63" title="2. 沿功能链隔离"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2. 沿功能链隔离</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-abf34a1ef0114d2a8fcbbab19239c459">把问题拆为光、机、热、电、控五条路径：光路位置与污染、安装结构与紧固、热界面与冷却、供电和连接器、控制指令与反馈日志。通过替换、边界复现和状态对比，把问题收敛到连接器受力与热界面变化。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-52f349145bb540808be1658a87b27a0a" data-id="52f349145bb540808be1658a87b27a0a"><span><div id="52f349145bb540808be1658a87b27a0a" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#52f349145bb540808be1658a87b27a0a" title="3. 建立根因证据链"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">3. 建立根因证据链</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-7061c182d0184af881b3ca94d2082c78">“发现连接器异常”还不是根因。至少需要证明：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-70887b95848444fe868c91824a0b22ec"><li>振动方向与线缆受力方向一致；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-6156a0be1d734aa18fd43c022a5ea9dc"><li>异常时刻与接触电阻或通信错误同步；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-403f72dcd2fc4a6a9aba25e877781527"><li>改变固定方式后异常消失；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-b51a92ad66354dd8999cc8312fbe832e"><li>恢复原状态能够再次复现；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-21478cbd7988442b840c2face19af83e"><li>拆检发现锁紧、应力释放或接触界面缺陷。</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-b0fc054bfac24248a3a43c627acaae1c">只有具备复现性、相关性与排他性，根因才成立。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-31a0a6ce55d946a2b824dde047c1a1d0" data-id="31a0a6ce55d946a2b824dde047c1a1d0"><span><div id="31a0a6ce55d946a2b824dde047c1a1d0" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#31a0a6ce55d946a2b824dde047c1a1d0" title="4. 整改与回归"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">4. 整改与回归</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-0c2f33d468af40d69dfea6f65ab5e29a">措施可能包括增加线缆应力释放、优化走向、提高连接器锁紧保持、改善热界面材料和压紧一致性，并补充关键状态监测。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-989c80b232614037a75fff92b2b8c7ac">回归不能只重复原试验，还要检查整改是否引入装配、散热、维护或EMC副作用。验证通过后，同步更新图纸、BOM、装配规范、检验要求和FMEA。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-b0746256e1ab47089b4fd25d6fea2fb5" data-id="b0746256e1ab47089b4fd25d6fea2fb5"><span><div id="b0746256e1ab47089b4fd25d6fea2fb5" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#b0746256e1ab47089b4fd25d6fea2fb5" title="九、阶段六：失效闭环的八段式结构"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">九、阶段六：失效闭环的八段式结构</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-0a273a0dfb1449ecbacb2571689b5685">建议统一采用“现象—影响—复现—隔离—机理—措施—验证—回灌”：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2c8b612195cd4890975d8327c8993805"><li><b>现象：</b> 发生了什么，数据和日志证据是什么？</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-e87c7bc24ecb4d38912604647d613964"><li><b>影响：</b> 对功能、性能、寿命和交付有何影响？</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-85b457ef250e40d5839b659a639db080"><li><b>复现：</b> 什么条件下能够稳定重现？</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-c475a2c434274653a8486f1229aadf46"><li><b>隔离：</b> 排除了哪些路径，剩余可疑项是什么？</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3379643bd9484a6a99972fbf930c6efe"><li><b>机理：</b> 应力如何作用并形成失效？</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-32f10d0c8b56440d95f181aaaaa56456"><li><b>措施：</b> 临时遏制与永久纠正分别是什么？</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-fa536e5640014ac4bd2a1b85e3cfd080"><li><b>验证：</b> 如何证明措施有效且没有副作用？</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-d1423cbdb3a14095b9e6c0fdf8443510"><li><b>回灌：</b> 哪些需求、图纸、规范和检查项需要更新？</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-b019d08c2cf94fd099a740f369ef4065">最常见的低质量闭环，是更换部件后问题消失，便把“部件损坏”写成根因。真正的根因还要解释部件为何损坏、为何此前未发现，以及怎样避免再次发生。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-b3c14da228ad4511b6bc46f2f33c8f5e" data-id="b3c14da228ad4511b6bc46f2f33c8f5e"><span><div id="b3c14da228ad4511b6bc46f2f33c8f5e" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#b3c14da228ad4511b6bc46f2f33c8f5e" title="十、阶段七：把一次问题变成组织能力"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">十、阶段七：把一次问题变成组织能力</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-f2af806a09e94b7995d84d11d9f1c44b">经验至少要回灌到五个位置：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-0da0e03f99d44822b5de825f3325debb"><li><b>需求：</b> 补充环境边界、寿命条件和失效判据；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-252f720846cb4b9089a1375083d67715"><li><b>设计：</b> 修改材料、结构、接口、裕量和可监测性；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2aabc9ffa5e64d39a93c45fb1385995d"><li><b>工艺：</b> 固化装配、清洁、力矩、固化和检验要求；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-d822a622dbc94b1082f18ec68cc7db66"><li><b>供应链：</b> 增加关键特性、变更控制和来料验证；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-1329aa2b15034735bdc2a3f7aced2cb9"><li><b>运维：</b> 建立健康指标、预警阈值和现场数据回收机制。</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-4bfcb639a11d47f580e4e128838b36c0">历史问题能转化为设计准则、检查清单、试验模板和监测指标时，可靠性才从个人经验变成组织资产。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-400cf4fcff7343ba9e1c605de7f6e342" data-id="400cf4fcff7343ba9e1c605de7f6e342"><span><div id="400cf4fcff7343ba9e1c605de7f6e342" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#400cf4fcff7343ba9e1c605de7f6e342" title="十一、优秀可靠性工程师的能力结构"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">十一、优秀可靠性工程师的能力结构</span></span></h3><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-465a083d24934dc28441b69b48062f9c" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>系统理解：</b> 看懂功能链、接口和失效后果。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-c8076066979940b19b1a3e5d15404588" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>机理分析：</b> 理解材料、结构、热、振动、电气和软件的耦合。</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-51d6728af5ae452988ec5dfc4e602f0c" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>试验设计：</b> 把风险转化为有效应力、监测量与判据。</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-798b27642ed14d45b6a37c267d25923f" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>数据诊断：</b> 从长时间、多变量数据中识别退化和因果线索。</li></ol><ol start="5" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-71d87e8cd46c4daaaf4b902a94ae1c18" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>闭环推动：</b> 协调设计、测试、制造、供应商与现场完成整改。</li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-e6d5d6cfa4134f4c86fd27f78a2b096e">最稀缺的不是会做某项试验，而是能在复杂系统中建立证据链，并推动问题真正关闭。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-eb7f609e27d94c58a09b985f4f3644e9" data-id="eb7f609e27d94c58a09b985f4f3644e9"><span><div id="eb7f609e27d94c58a09b985f4f3644e9" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#eb7f609e27d94c58a09b985f4f3644e9" title="写在最后"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">写在最后</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-822f05dcad9345e8b2e6eec0421c9b68">可靠性工程师每天面对的是需求、FMEA、试验、数据和故障，实质上管理的是产品未来的不确定性。</div><div class="notion-callout notion-blue_background_co notion-block-fa887b989d8548999932bde0651bcde7"><div class="notion-page-icon-inline notion-page-icon-span"><span class="notion-page-icon" role="img" aria-label="🔁">🔁</span></div><div class="notion-callout-text"><div class="notion-text notion-block-f69240e74ba14aa681738c0f322f65cf"><b>从真实场景定义风险，用分析与试验获得证据，通过失效闭环推动设计改进，再把经验回灌到下一次研发。</b></div></div></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-55d1b479f7504a09b4017638511f01ed">可靠性介入得越早，越多问题不必等到试验箱、生产线或客户现场才被发现。最好的成绩不只是解决了多少故障，而是让多少故障从一开始就没有发生。</div></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
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            <title><![CDATA[从光机设计到可靠性：一次从“做出来”到“跑得住”的职业转向]]></title>
            <link>https://www.xzhh.top/article/optomechanical-to-reliability</link>
            <guid>https://www.xzhh.top/article/optomechanical-to-reliability</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 20 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[从光机结构设计转向可靠性工程，重新理解需求、失效、测试与设计闭环。]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-3e119b8a774a811b87dcc054fa6702d7"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-f603dbd0b6a54ea5bef871ca1b9f06a9"><div>光机设计解决的是“系统怎样实现”，可靠性工程追问的是“系统在真实边界下，能否长期、稳定、可预测地实现”。</div></blockquote><div class="notion-table-of-contents notion-gray notion-block-c4d2933c61bc422ab53b67da5d908389"><a href="#19ad27c40c7e4592926288c9700ba432" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">从“把它做出来”开始</span></a><a href="#c89eb3892e3146afa36c1db04d3da04d" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">两种岗位，关注的是同一个系统的不同时间尺度</span></a><a href="#23f23f05a5bd48cb868fc34b9551d2b4" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">光机设计经历，如何成为可靠性工作的底层能力</span></a><a href="#fb38ae52310549d69f553fd817c58fd7" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">1. 更容易理解失效背后的物理机制</span></a><a href="#8b0f6c363d9b4db0b42e03a8d58deb13" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">2. 能把试验条件翻译成设计语言</span></a><a href="#1e2a23f930a84fc88a6f4b6de2fec697" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">3. 更重视“可验证”和“可监测”</span></a><a href="#b821f6b63ce148b98f0bffbfe90c26e0" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">转岗之后，真正需要补上的能力</span></a><a href="#f47a7b591fab48ff92e873bee724294e" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">从“经验判断”走向“风险分解”</span></a><a href="#1bd306fce5954af3abd4cea5942efa7f" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">从“做完试验”走向“设计试验”</span></a><a href="#73897213da7d4ae3b4daa2dbb1b5ceb5" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">从“一次合格”走向“趋势判断”</span></a><a href="#0ce769a5d17e4bb795fc891738dee09e" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">从“发现问题”走向“关闭问题”</span></a><a href="#bffead41cf1545f79d7ca2d082e5559c" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">一条更务实的转型路径</span></a><a href="#91db6ff069a84b49ba533fa43c145883" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">可靠性不是职业方向的“离开设计”</span></a><a href="#e9793893c6594965a542ed3ab9e555b7" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">写在最后</span></a></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-19ad27c40c7e4592926288c9700ba432" data-id="19ad27c40c7e4592926288c9700ba432"><span><div id="19ad27c40c7e4592926288c9700ba432" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#19ad27c40c7e4592926288c9700ba432" title="从“把它做出来”开始"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">从“把它做出来”开始</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-7bd15deffdc249bfb000ad8dbe0f971a">职业起点是机械结构设计，后来进入半导体设备领域，从事了一段时间的光机结构设计。那时工作的核心很明确：把光学、机械、驱动、传感与装调约束放进同一个空间里，让结构能够加工、装配、校准，并达到精度要求。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-042472d7244b459d99126c35393d2a30">设计阶段经常面对这样的矛盾：空间越紧凑，装调余量越小；刚度越高，质量和热容可能越大；精度要求越高，对加工、装配和环境的敏感性也越强。设计工作的魅力，就在于不断寻找这些约束之间的平衡。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-b681c4d254cd4917b68996e37ca06f13">后来转向可靠性工程，最初以为只是从“设计”转到了“测试”。真正做了一段时间后才发现，变化远不止岗位名称。它更像是观察系统的坐标系发生了转换。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-c89eb3892e3146afa36c1db04d3da04d" data-id="c89eb3892e3146afa36c1db04d3da04d"><span><div id="c89eb3892e3146afa36c1db04d3da04d" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#c89eb3892e3146afa36c1db04d3da04d" title="两种岗位，关注的是同一个系统的不同时间尺度"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">两种岗位，关注的是同一个系统的不同时间尺度</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-95c864c78c0a4616979ad920ebcf8898">光机设计常问：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-5e9814acfdaa4027b9e501cbe0a59934"><li>功能能不能实现？</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-bb5f31fd469543ca94598074aa270030"><li>精度能不能达到？</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-ce14cdb488cf4055b730197c4bbb2da6"><li>结构能不能加工和装配？</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-bf9104c5594d46749f032bb4a3072c29"><li>光、机、电接口是否兼容？</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-130867f036be47e8b27d07ebdf6c2aed"><li>成本、空间和进度能否接受？</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-caea24406c16491b838d871ad8c2e9b3">可靠性工程则继续追问：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-79e318118a8a4ef3904015a0e6554978"><li>在温度、振动、电压和负载波动下还能不能实现？</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-f35aaaac6df848a3b2d7745c4b2cf5f2"><li>连续运行数百、数千小时后，性能会怎样退化？</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-600f1bad6fad4e278680df31a0dbfdca"><li>哪个薄弱环节最先暴露？</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-390924b2b7ff4c248ba43b0da4de1b75"><li>失效发生前有没有可监测的信号？</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-15c6710cd478480a82452e7f846a5f56"><li>出现异常后，能不能定位、复现并形成设计闭环？</li></ul><table class="notion-simple-table notion-block-0dd452c2b38549d19e61cff0f58d7dfe"><tbody><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-simple-table-header-row notion-block-c3eabb15ea054521ae40572670e2ae53"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">观察维度</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">光机设计</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">可靠性工程</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-819d9c88f449406c9387a5898c249b4c"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">核心目标</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">实现功能与性能</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">保证全寿命周期内稳定实现</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-02213a6755a1439891aa598b88fb5aaa"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">关注对象</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">结构、精度、接口、装调</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">边界、退化、失效、监测</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-09ae51a8586d4376a735741d7ad4e2d0"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">典型问题</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">“方案能不能成立？”</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">“方案在最坏条件下还能撑多久？”</div></td></tr><tr class="notion-simple-table-row notion-block-9335f5caf19149b4a54ed999ef30e919"><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">最终产出</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">设计方案与工程图纸</div></td><td class="" style="width:120px"><div class="notion-simple-table-cell">风险收敛与持续改进闭环</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="notion-text notion-block-f1fa42b61c2a43159e7080a2662aab1a">两者并不对立。可靠性不是设计完成后的附加测试，而是把设计放进时间、环境和使用场景中重新审视。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-23f23f05a5bd48cb868fc34b9551d2b4" data-id="23f23f05a5bd48cb868fc34b9551d2b4"><span><div id="23f23f05a5bd48cb868fc34b9551d2b4" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#23f23f05a5bd48cb868fc34b9551d2b4" title="光机设计经历，如何成为可靠性工作的底层能力"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">光机设计经历，如何成为可靠性工作的底层能力</span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-fb38ae52310549d69f553fd817c58fd7" data-id="fb38ae52310549d69f553fd817c58fd7"><span><div id="fb38ae52310549d69f553fd817c58fd7" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#fb38ae52310549d69f553fd817c58fd7" title="1. 更容易理解失效背后的物理机制"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">1. 更容易理解失效背后的物理机制</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-67061f91f7ce42dbbcc3e4f6085fbefc">精密光机系统的异常往往不是单点问题。一次光斑漂移，可能来自结构热变形、装配应力释放、运动机构回差、传感器漂移，也可能来自线缆拖拽、连接器接触或控制参数变化。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-f84f3096acca41368f5c33638afcb16f">有设计经验后，面对测试数据不容易只停留在“结果超差”。可以沿着载荷、材料、接口、装配、传递链和控制链继续向下追，判断异常究竟是随机波动、系统偏差，还是正在形成的退化趋势。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-8b0f6c363d9b4db0b42e03a8d58deb13" data-id="8b0f6c363d9b4db0b42e03a8d58deb13"><span><div id="8b0f6c363d9b4db0b42e03a8d58deb13" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#8b0f6c363d9b4db0b42e03a8d58deb13" title="2. 能把试验条件翻译成设计语言"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">2. 能把试验条件翻译成设计语言</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-f19900f8dd4c4460985abc6f2fbcebcf">振动、冲击、高低温、温循和长时间运行，不只是试验箱里的参数。它们最终都会落到结构和器件上：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-98fe2b25f2444c478cf06fbcdf1ec453"><li>温度变化对应热膨胀失配、预紧力变化和光轴漂移；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-3bdc14e6efb34970b3ea5a4d2c21c50a"><li>振动对应模态响应、紧固连接和线缆受力；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-f555232c340a4d67ac0c019e3b19cc5c"><li>电压或流量波动对应执行器、热管理和控制稳定性；</li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-4461d82f8f9a4827857d896aea1f11e3"><li>反复启停对应瞬态冲击、初始化一致性与累计损伤。</li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-5a33e031751e4a6aa30880075f7d9b01">可靠性工程的重要能力之一，就是把外部应力转成设计人员能够理解并采取行动的工程量。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-1e2a23f930a84fc88a6f4b6de2fec697" data-id="1e2a23f930a84fc88a6f4b6de2fec697"><span><div id="1e2a23f930a84fc88a6f4b6de2fec697" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#1e2a23f930a84fc88a6f4b6de2fec697" title="3. 更重视“可验证”和“可监测”"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">3. 更重视“可验证”和“可监测”</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-93852fab7d4843a6bcaf90eeeb7f4432">设计容易天然关注标称性能，而可靠性会迫使人关注边界与证据。例如一个电动光学调整装置，除了指令位置是否准确，还应观察反馈误差、重复定位、漂移、驱动状态、连接稳定性以及电磁环境下的异常行为。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-d6dc96d51b154c98b4e3ddf2be27df7d">如果系统没有留下足够的状态量，故障发生后就很难区分机械卡滞、驱动异常、通信问题还是传感偏移。因此，可测试性与可监测性本身就应该成为设计输入。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-b821f6b63ce148b98f0bffbfe90c26e0" data-id="b821f6b63ce148b98f0bffbfe90c26e0"><span><div id="b821f6b63ce148b98f0bffbfe90c26e0" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#b821f6b63ce148b98f0bffbfe90c26e0" title="转岗之后，真正需要补上的能力"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">转岗之后，真正需要补上的能力</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-b773a52f3c8f43679b2cacbb564ccb95">从设计转到可靠性，最大的挑战不是看不懂结构，而是要建立一套新的工作闭环。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-f47a7b591fab48ff92e873bee724294e" data-id="f47a7b591fab48ff92e873bee724294e"><span><div id="f47a7b591fab48ff92e873bee724294e" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#f47a7b591fab48ff92e873bee724294e" title="从“经验判断”走向“风险分解”"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">从“经验判断”走向“风险分解”</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-a0c9f50d56d34b26badf3c7890ce5208">可靠性工作不能只依靠直觉说某处“可能有问题”。需要把整机目标分解到模块、部件和接口，再结合使用场景识别失效模式、影响与验证手段。风险要能够被描述、排序、验证和跟踪。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-1bd306fce5954af3abd4cea5942efa7f" data-id="1bd306fce5954af3abd4cea5942efa7f"><span><div id="1bd306fce5954af3abd4cea5942efa7f" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#1bd306fce5954af3abd4cea5942efa7f" title="从“做完试验”走向“设计试验”"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">从“做完试验”走向“设计试验”</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-297b94be76844937a9274abb0d40492d">一份有效的试验方案，不是把高温、低温、振动、冲击简单罗列出来，而是回答四个问题：</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-7b06b6c6b0254c08aa2db77cd90ab36d" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>这项试验要暴露什么风险？</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-39c52e20702a4e92be40a3264c6ad76e" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>应力水平为什么这样设置？</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-cc2eda14d80748eabd32685684efdf7b" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>过程中需要采集哪些性能量和状态量？</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-6fc0168ca8be476982c50ef640838df2" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li>异常出现后，如何定位并回到设计改进？</li></ol><div class="notion-text notion-block-65df23d8b87d466ca6eb244728b28431">比如对精密量测模块开展可靠性验证，除了环境温度，还可能需要叠加水温、水流、电压、激光输入等边界变化。只有当试验应力与真实失效机制相关，结果才有工程意义。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-73897213da7d4ae3b4daa2dbb1b5ceb5" data-id="73897213da7d4ae3b4daa2dbb1b5ceb5"><span><div id="73897213da7d4ae3b4daa2dbb1b5ceb5" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#73897213da7d4ae3b4daa2dbb1b5ceb5" title="从“一次合格”走向“趋势判断”"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">从“一次合格”走向“趋势判断”</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-b13a402c48ea437c8ff1cfce2f4eac41">可靠性数据最有价值的部分，往往不是最终的合格或不合格，而是过程中发生了什么：误差是否缓慢增大，启停后是否能恢复，某个状态量是否与环境同步变化，不同样机之间是否存在一致性差异。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-79fc375985e24176a66fe95cfe5c5ca1">这要求补充统计、数据清洗、趋势分析和不确定性意识。单次测量可以证明“此刻正常”，连续数据才可能揭示“正在变坏”。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-0ce769a5d17e4bb795fc891738dee09e" data-id="0ce769a5d17e4bb795fc891738dee09e"><span><div id="0ce769a5d17e4bb795fc891738dee09e" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#0ce769a5d17e4bb795fc891738dee09e" title="从“发现问题”走向“关闭问题”"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">从“发现问题”走向“关闭问题”</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-01c3f881c9d14cbab988eb190d908a9a">试验暴露异常只是起点。一个完整闭环通常包括：问题记录、复现与隔离、根因分析、纠正措施、回归验证，以及经验回灌到需求、设计规范和检查清单。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-08014505c3504449b36af80f22ac07c6">如果没有回到设计端，可靠性测试就容易变成昂贵的筛选；如果形成闭环，它才会成为组织能力的积累。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-bffead41cf1545f79d7ca2d082e5559c" data-id="bffead41cf1545f79d7ca2d082e5559c"><span><div id="bffead41cf1545f79d7ca2d082e5559c" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#bffead41cf1545f79d7ca2d082e5559c" title="一条更务实的转型路径"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">一条更务实的转型路径</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-5ea9a14910e744d78b04a2a117dfd5b9">对准备从机械或光机设计转向可靠性的人，可以按下面的顺序建立能力：</div><ol start="1" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-00806c6805994141a1bf67565cbc833d" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>保留设计优势。</b> 持续强化结构、材料、热、振动、装配和公差知识，这是理解失效机理的根基。</li></ol><ol start="2" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-e7ec7909f54649a1bc474a661ca6c9da" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>熟悉可靠性语言。</b> 学习需求分解、FMEA、故障树、可靠性试验、加速模型和问题闭环方法，但不要只记模板。</li></ol><ol start="3" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-c0418465c0244728bd5507e5bea91ae9" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>从一个真实模块做完整闭环。</b> 从风险识别开始，完成方案、执行、数据分析、根因定位和回归验证。</li></ol><ol start="4" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-0f03228a22794ed39efca848028d31ea" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>建立数据工具链。</b> 用脚本或分析工具处理长时间运行数据，统一时间轴、识别异常点、比较不同工况。</li></ol><ol start="5" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-ce42425a50b94f7299d24ef31aae3617" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>主动连接上下游。</b> 与设计、测试、软件、供应商和现场团队一起定义问题，让可靠性信息能够流动。</li></ol><ol start="6" class="notion-list notion-list-numbered notion-block-2bfb5eb7b27949dfba2ac66a2c2bf7ff" style="list-style-type:decimal"><li><b>沉淀可复用资产。</b> 把案例转成检查项、试验规范、监测指标和设计准则，而不只是一份结项报告。</li></ol><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-91db6ff069a84b49ba533fa43c145883" data-id="91db6ff069a84b49ba533fa43c145883"><span><div id="91db6ff069a84b49ba533fa43c145883" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#91db6ff069a84b49ba533fa43c145883" title="可靠性不是职业方向的“离开设计”"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">可靠性不是职业方向的“离开设计”</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-e10ac32b1b0148a5bcad4cdad68a739a">短暂承担项目协调职责后，对交付节奏、跨团队沟通和资源约束有了更直接的认识，也更确认自己希望长期沉淀的是技术闭环能力。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-e2925c98e8e04f9f94341ccc14ceaadb">从光机设计转到可靠性，并不是离开产品设计，而是把设计的时间尺度拉长：从一次装调成功，扩展到长期运行稳定；从满足标称工况，扩展到覆盖真实边界；从解决眼前问题，扩展到降低下一代产品重复发生同类问题的概率。</div><div class="notion-callout notion-blue_background_co notion-block-631982fb0771421ea28410ce431a93f4"><div class="notion-page-icon-inline notion-page-icon-span"><span class="notion-page-icon" role="img" aria-label="💡">💡</span></div><div class="notion-callout-text"><div class="notion-text notion-block-79dbe92b80744696b1c5036efe5dfaf1"><b>可靠性最理想的状态，不是证明产品不会坏，而是让团队更早知道它可能怎样坏、为什么坏，以及应该怎样改。</b></div></div></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-e9793893c6594965a542ed3ab9e555b7" data-id="e9793893c6594965a542ed3ab9e555b7"><span><div id="e9793893c6594965a542ed3ab9e555b7" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#e9793893c6594965a542ed3ab9e555b7" title="写在最后"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">写在最后</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-e44926758dc548eabdeed824a9be0710">光机设计教会人如何在复杂约束中把系统做出来，可靠性工程则教会人如何对系统的长期表现负责。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-08fbb1e84446415ebd17a1e142b4e672">前者建立方案，后者验证边界；前者创造性能，后者守住性能。两种视角叠加后，工程师看到的不再只是一个能够工作的结构，而是一个会经历制造、装配、运输、运行、维护和退化的完整产品。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-db546288a8004e2286696a19cce4ba85">这也是这次职业转向最重要的收获：从关注“设计是否完成”，逐渐转向关注“问题是否真正关闭，能力是否能够复用”。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3238cc55335448bca405af5bb1ed0e6f"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Afc91dbb0-84dd-491b-a984-623673bdace6%3Aoptomechanical-reliability-cover.png?table=block&amp;id=3238cc55-3354-48bc-a405-af5bb1ed0e6f&amp;t=3238cc55-3354-48bc-a405-af5bb1ed0e6f" alt="文章封面" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/><figcaption class="notion-asset-caption">文章封面</figcaption></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3e219b8a774a80acbdafe61075e01d70"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Aeba492ad-4592-4966-bb77-ca370a83d945%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=3e219b8a-774a-80ac-bdaf-e61075e01d70&amp;t=3e219b8a-774a-80ac-bdaf-e61075e01d70" alt="notion image" 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            <title><![CDATA[MATLAB如何进行公式推导]]></title>
            <link>https://www.xzhh.top/article/matlab0324</link>
            <guid>https://www.xzhh.top/article/matlab0324</guid>
            <pubDate>Sun, 24 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[matlab基础命令，公式计算，绘制图表]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-413264ec3c8f49429e0b6291856780a7"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><div class="notion-table-of-contents notion-gray notion-block-76e678edd8b444b19b29afd33588a69b"><a href="#1bee37c263164c2b82da0427b685bfb7" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">Matlab基础用法</span></a><a href="#62cc7d4fbe9e4db0b6813c8305d28ad9" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px"> 界面 </span></a><a href="#7fe2ca05c1c54fc2bbd53c8e5cfd2988" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">基础指令</span></a><a href="#39f5cd4e5b764d6a85598aff4b4dc2bc" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">有趣的指令</span></a><a href="#2d804ad65cb84e44aaf1d2b03c60fdcc" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">常用指令</span></a><a href="#222ea77a46d0440f93bf5471cabd13c3" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">函数与表达式</span></a><a href="#413b687c85144ffea7fe395c8d686e12" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">函数图像</span></a><a href="#53572520e3f44b7fb83e7c457911fc40" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:48px">polar</span></a><a href="#063ef29fab074f7d954c9f03f16ed095" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:48px">ezpolar</span></a><a href="#acb804f2f39d476e9e3206286a8c20ba" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">符号表达式</span></a><a href="#637046a546164988a7e6957c7a1295b5" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">expand</span></a><a href="#44bdf15a0c894ed48ceba09a234d1355" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">simplify</span></a><a href="#5bbfd5c0edbc4e0ea47635fa46fe6e90" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">函数求极限</span></a><a href="#525510bb10364ff9a6bb47f56aeb8288" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">泰勒展开</span></a><a href="#d098f383fcc54189beaf4d3b90b87888" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">函数求导</span></a><a href="#f55d76f74eaf483187d3f5cb6f016981" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">求不定积分</span></a><a href="#4531ae2a029c438aa6b0a883a9b211be" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">求定积分</span></a><a href="#478cd9b6a15a4b26a6a7d9533076647c" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">例题</span></a><a href="#c53b3d92270c4ae3b2b0101a811d620e" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:48px">积分</span></a><a href="#2c0d76d6238743d286991a8ef459dbbb" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:48px">绘图</span></a><a href="#1596fd3f11fb468688f1be5ccf3ec426" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:48px">解方程</span></a><a href="#9b74890cacfe4a36acc8ad59a2fa9f1e" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:48px">求偏导数</span></a><a href="#b4eee23d80e241aba5a5ac3f6d0c5b80" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:48px">二重积分</span></a><a href="#330901ffad774e179bb57326ac1def7c" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:48px">三重积分</span></a><a href="#7b16b81f982e4a1e8e5249a8acb6abad" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:48px">级数求和</span></a><a href="#8a21ff40048e45babf9581161ad3d054" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:48px">解常微分方程</span></a><a href="#ccf16411708a428884832f60ea0bf7e7" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">线代</span></a><a href="#54e4dd866b914c00a9f07fe240875523" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">数组的定义与生成</span></a><a href="#984b6eafc6cb464494f533f5d22babf0" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">参考资料</span></a></div><div class="notion-blank notion-block-350b9aa51ee240388fc96d239adcfc8c"> </div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-1bee37c263164c2b82da0427b685bfb7" data-id="1bee37c263164c2b82da0427b685bfb7"><span><div id="1bee37c263164c2b82da0427b685bfb7" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#1bee37c263164c2b82da0427b685bfb7" title="Matlab基础用法"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">Matlab基础用法</span></span></h2><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-62cc7d4fbe9e4db0b6813c8305d28ad9" data-id="62cc7d4fbe9e4db0b6813c8305d28ad9"><span><div id="62cc7d4fbe9e4db0b6813c8305d28ad9" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#62cc7d4fbe9e4db0b6813c8305d28ad9" title=" 界面 "><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"> 界面 </span></span></h3><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-439c50d78c3a445094867b6d888b8ed4"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Af15f11f0-bb43-4bed-9731-5ae50f961649%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=439c50d7-8c3a-4450-9486-7b6d888b8ed4&amp;t=439c50d7-8c3a-4450-9486-7b6d888b8ed4" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-f63d582b428b406ba32b0203c20eceb1"><code class="notion-inline-code">Matlab</code>软件界面主要可分为几大块：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-e5933bcabe6f4830a1aacd7c7537fdb6"><li><b>菜单和工具栏，不多说</b></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-ebee930dca6548ca9d1546afd8601bae"><li><b>编写程序窗口：在这里编辑程序文件（注意程序中绿色的字体是</b><em><b>注释文本</b></em><b>，是不被程序执行的)；</b></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-25214b8164e644219ca2d251ee3a8a42"><li><b>文件夹窗口：显示当前所处的文件夹以及文件夹下面的所有文件（你要运行一个程序文件，此文件一定要在当前文件夹下面，不然需要切换到该程序文件所在文件夹）；</b></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-c4446668e9f249ccaa8ee875bb79c9d1"><li><b>变量窗口：会展示并列出运行程序过程中产生的变量（这些变量有时候对于调试检查程序的正确性具有至关重要的作用！）；</b></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2b05b39a77c944738e946772177b6b67"><li><b>命令行窗口：可以在</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>&gt;&gt;</b></code><b>后面任意输入</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>matlab</b></code><b>指令，再按回车，立刻出执行结果。</b></li></ul><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-7fe2ca05c1c54fc2bbd53c8e5cfd2988" data-id="7fe2ca05c1c54fc2bbd53c8e5cfd2988"><span><div id="7fe2ca05c1c54fc2bbd53c8e5cfd2988" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#7fe2ca05c1c54fc2bbd53c8e5cfd2988" title="基础指令"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">基础指令</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-f1b34f5337bb46b4a1ed5e57637a2bc3"><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>+，-，×，÷</b></code><b>四个运算符在</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>Matlab</b></code><b>中分别对应</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>+，-，*，/</b></code><b>四个符号</b></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-e4d02e8ed6ec429fadc6817718cb33dc"><li><b>在</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>Matlab</b></code><b>中是</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>pi</b></code><b>；</b></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-d76fb9bf7bef4dec927f3a4810d7cef0"><li><b>乘方是</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>^</b></code><b>；</b></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-6ec7811b58344b10b26986513e2d8106"><li><b>开根号是</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>sqrt</b></code><b>；</b></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-acd5db055b744f078e1ede1dcdbf2885"><li><b>绝对值是</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>abs</b></code><b>；</b></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-4ecce9fd124646e39bd33533df2b2226"><li><b>三角函数写法不变</b></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-2db40bcea9fd40de84769cefdef8a476"><li><b>如，计算复杂算式</b></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-005a29164c9d4934a8e7d0fefd1e5fe6"><b>解方程方程用</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>solve</b></code><b>或者</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>roots</b></code><b>或者</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>fsolve</b></code><b>或者</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>fzero</b></code><b>等指令,甚至你可以把方程的函数图像画出来，然后直接找函数值为0的点！例如，</b><b><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span></b><b>求解一元二次方程 ，用指令</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>solve</b></code><b>（该指令可以求解一些不是很复杂的方程或者方程组，得到准确解！但是对复杂的方程无能为力）求解得到：</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-b1847c5f84054ea6830449af65febf2a"><b>注意，</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>solve</b></code><b>指令求解符号方程，需要首先利用</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>syms</b></code><b>定义一个符号变量 。</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-79b77b89af474480bc492905f789a46e"><b>用指令</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>roots</b></code><b>（该指令专门求解多项式的根，N阶多项式可以求出N个根）求解得到：</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-5302fccf250c4209968812cc94e38b52"><b>指令</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>fsolve</b></code><b>和</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>fzero</b></code><b>是相对高级的求解方程的函数，可以求解非常复杂的方程还有方程组，理论上说不管多么复杂都可以求解（是基于一些迭代算法，因此得到的是数值解而不是精确解）。</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-c37cac400cb647c3bbc1ced1aa3c14fd"><b>画二维函数图像，用指令</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>plot</b></code><b>或者</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>ezplot</b></code><b>或者</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>fplot</b></code><b>。例如，绘制函数 </b><b><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span></b><b> 的图像，用</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>fplot</b></code><b>,</b></div><div class="notion-blank notion-block-301faf74eb8b45af8ccd28a5e6c75826"> </div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-35286c52db04463f8a6ea5c29d4faf90"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:697.9976806640625px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Aada6c131-4cff-41e9-be09-e4e08224c2ae%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=35286c52-db04-463f-8a6e-a5c29d4faf90&amp;t=35286c52-db04-463f-8a6e-a5c29d4faf90" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-31254ffa056841e5b21036e8d4f31883"><b>其中，</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>grid on</b></code><b>指令是为图像加网格。</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-5a77ab3de53342be8f9f2c95d74fc945"><b>用</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>plot</b></code><b>指令，首先要取点，再计算每个点处的函数值，最后&quot;描点画图&quot;，如下</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-5baebfad6b2c49bbb6c62dfc7cfcacae"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:307.99554443359375px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Ab3ad8d02-c3b0-43ff-8295-07685f8e187d%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=5baebfad-6b2c-49bb-b6c6-2dfc7cfcacae&amp;t=5baebfad-6b2c-49bb-b6c6-2dfc7cfcacae" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-c5f2daf820d442658d98cc1f9e24003c"><b>你也可以仅仅“描点”，如</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-24431146a1a14768a43bab0a77e51265"><b>其中，</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>&#x27;rp&#x27;</b></code><b>中的</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>r</b></code><b>表示颜色为红色，</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>p</b></code><b>表示标注点为五角星（还有各种形状可选)。得到</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-eef0d3c9b3e6448882cd99ea5f303b6b"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:307.99554443359375px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A6758b632-02a0-403e-9324-2f60ceb4aaa2%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=eef0d3c9-b3e6-4488-82cd-99ea5f303b6b&amp;t=eef0d3c9-b3e6-4488-82cd-99ea5f303b6b" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-5914d0b77c414b1eb5faea8097f8bd99"><b>绘制复杂的函数</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-37eaee7811e5417b8faa42fd2b6c7e59"><b>其中，</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>c--</b></code><b>指定颜色为cyan，线型为虚线，得到</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-db77c52130ba448c806a4466f48bd4b0"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Afbf3fe7c-9f07-4a1b-8eae-a9058d4df5ab%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=db77c521-30ba-448c-806a-4466f48bd4b0&amp;t=db77c521-30ba-448c-806a-4466f48bd4b0" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-39f5cd4e5b764d6a85598aff4b4dc2bc" data-id="39f5cd4e5b764d6a85598aff4b4dc2bc"><span><div id="39f5cd4e5b764d6a85598aff4b4dc2bc" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#39f5cd4e5b764d6a85598aff4b4dc2bc" title="有趣的指令"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">有趣的指令</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-379028610fef4e92bfd015a31101e48b"><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>peaks</b></code><b>指令，</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-4a66ed5e67474864bb015ba0bb736468"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A6dd67789-b240-407b-ade5-cde0f6e30b52%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=4a66ed5e-6747-4864-bb01-5ba0bb736468&amp;t=4a66ed5e-6747-4864-bb01-5ba0bb736468" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-d93cd5cc51fb4cbca00b5b8b1cbe3733"><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>xpklein</b></code><b>指令，画出克莱因瓶（</b>克莱因瓶<b>只有一个面，无所谓内无所谓外也）</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-978a6d3010d947df84bd90a1124a68cf"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:291.99072265625px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A26aecd34-72ca-45da-92d9-b6b9ef04545a%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=978a6d30-10d9-47df-84bd-90a1124a68cf&amp;t=978a6d30-10d9-47df-84bd-90a1124a68cf" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-caffe47017084bca9dd3f20073273fbc"><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>makevase</b></code><b>指令，顾名思义，“制作花瓶”，鼠标点击得到花瓶的外形</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1d5f2a0bfabe4d419fa4448c900a3143"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:307.99554443359375px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A08f893ea-6436-4f5d-94a4-6363f1ee9c72%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=1d5f2a0b-fabe-4d41-9fa4-448c900a3143&amp;t=1d5f2a0b-fabe-4d41-9fa4-448c900a3143" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-bd7e4896b44c4b4589baccafef94b86b"><b>鼠标右键得到“花瓶”</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-9fa8272f5fe94769bbdb92886da0057e"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:693.9930419921875px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A80228829-a992-4a23-bb00-a9e16c3716b9%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=9fa8272f-5fe9-4769-bbdb-92886da0057e&amp;t=9fa8272f-5fe9-4769-bbdb-92886da0057e" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-ce18492ac2ce424baa918e36303bf90a"><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>vibes</b></code><b>指令，得到</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>L</b></code><b>形鼓膜振动图，动感十足（这里没有显示动图，可以自己去命令行输入命令感受）</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-c6fcfa058b2c469d92028948886c51c7"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:686.99072265625px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A06e9ab05-9f69-4e4e-90a4-b41b18feef9f%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=c6fcfa05-8b2c-469d-9202-8948886c51c7&amp;t=c6fcfa05-8b2c-469d-9202-8948886c51c7" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-f62d7b93ceea4464ad5e21b0286a0fa0"><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>lorenz</b></code><b>指令，展示洛伦兹吸引子（蝴蝶效应）的动态图</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-7ff16f25f72d43ddad7b5aa798c467e6"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:685.995361328125px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A58f5d530-02c4-4ee5-a8ac-b03e26b7c6f3%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=7ff16f25-f72d-43dd-ad7b-5aa798c467e6&amp;t=7ff16f25-f72d-43dd-ad7b-5aa798c467e6" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-blank notion-block-f15c9883f27c48e2ba6b3081ecb69aea"> </div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2d804ad65cb84e44aaf1d2b03c60fdcc" data-id="2d804ad65cb84e44aaf1d2b03c60fdcc"><span><div id="2d804ad65cb84e44aaf1d2b03c60fdcc" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2d804ad65cb84e44aaf1d2b03c60fdcc" title="常用指令"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">常用指令</span></span></h2><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-222ea77a46d0440f93bf5471cabd13c3" data-id="222ea77a46d0440f93bf5471cabd13c3"><span><div id="222ea77a46d0440f93bf5471cabd13c3" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#222ea77a46d0440f93bf5471cabd13c3" title="函数与表达式"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">函数与表达式</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-58048a527c1048b1a68142fd33f099a9"><b>用符号表达式定义函数（符号表达式在运算时是绝对的解析解，没有任何数值误差！）例如</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-097927b2845c47f7bc281eb899a43121"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A141b8212-bae3-4f9e-8293-bb88f088c36e%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=097927b2-845c-47f7-bc28-1eb899a43121&amp;t=097927b2-845c-47f7-bc28-1eb899a43121" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-cd9b959be94c4a559ffd580114e4fd84"><b>若要知道某个自变量对应的函数值，可以使用</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>subs</b></code><b>指令并结合</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>vpa</b></code><b>指令，如</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-0c228979a565449faf85bd2758598b96"><b>我们也可以将函数中的变量用另外的变量或者表达式代替（即换元）:</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-ad3693329dbb4954a072dee9e2d55c5a"><b>若要化简函数表达式，使用</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>expand</b></code><b>，展开表达式：</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-17d74368d4504fc78efc05f03ba72936"><b>或者</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>simplify</b></code><b>，化简表达式：</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-ffa9fdf5bebf496e96b7aa5c73210be8"><b>还有一个很好用的指令:</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>pretty</b></code><b>,该指令可以使得复杂的符号表达式用比较‘人性化’的方式显示在屏幕，例如</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-4677dbe4936b41ce916d6b40ab88394e"><b>针对符号表达式运算，还有许多有用的指令，例如因式分解</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>factor</b></code><b>,合并同类项</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>collect</b></code><b>,分式通分</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>numden</b></code><b>等等，且不必细说。</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-28d4863a482645e0aed7630086f77ae8"><b>匿名函数，通常定义格式为</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>f=@(x,y,...)表达式</b></code><b>，例如</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-5c24916c28364d4aaacded9159f086c8"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Ac3017288-1ce7-4c69-88a7-839bf4d0423e%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=5c24916c-2836-4d4a-aacd-ed9159f086c8&amp;t=5c24916c-2836-4d4a-aacd-ed9159f086c8" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-0e28b3abbc924a8c85eb10e802f930b3"><li><b>值得说明的是，匿名函数定义函数快捷方便，运算结果是高精度的数值结果，在后面将要介绍的</b><b>数值积分</b><b>和</b><b>微分方程数值解</b><b>等方面都会用到。</b></li></ul><div class="notion-blank notion-block-f2a49fdf2ddd4670ad69791806bbaa25"> </div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-d292b5834a584fa68d57eb809a0522cf"><li><b>符号表达式转化为匿名函数，将要</b><b>隆重介绍一个指令</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>matlabFunction</b></code><b>,该指令可以将任意的符号表达式转化为相应的匿名函数，对复杂表达式求值具有很重要的简化作用。例如，你想求一个具有多个变量的复杂表达式在指定点处的函数值，不嫌麻烦你可以嵌套使用</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>subs</b></code><b>指令，如</b></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-ecf965311a1a477396b318065a1bdf01"><b>这里存在3个自变量</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>x,y,z</b></code><b>就需要嵌套使用</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>subs</b></code><b>指令3次。</b></div><div class="notion-blank notion-block-a8cab1a413d5464dbbb339765a74c749"> </div><div class="notion-text notion-block-1759d633a148423080e7398b074dfd73"><b>下面用转化匿名函数的方法，有</b></div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-87ec32344f6c40f99db9ed2717a18107"><li><b>可以看到，</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>matlabFnction</b></code><b>指令将原来的符号表达式转化为了具有3个自变量的函数句柄</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>ff</b></code><b>,直接调用它就可以高效地计算函数值！</b></li></ul><div class="notion-blank notion-block-97d8e7107c8d4bed86ca4bca7f488d11"> </div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-5ab1d6bda58e4853b9bac4f65c6b6410"><li><b>利用函数文件定义函数需要指出，</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>Matlab</b></code><b>文件分为两类，</b></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-74170a1805fd461689a8d681720f588d"><li><b>第一类为程序脚本文件，也就是可以直接运行的程序文件；</b></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-07bf902849ca4cc4ab651f4297138db0"><li><b>第二类是函数文件，不能被直接运行（只能被脚本文件调用），以关键词</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>function</b></code><b> 开头，函数名和文件名必须保持一致（许多初学者往往会忽略这一点，会导致很多简单的运行错误）。例如，定义函数名称为</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>myfun</b></code></li></ul><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-7a24277b51874d9992031eab51e76e33"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Ab0cd19f5-709e-4e6c-9ec2-b43cf5b22cae%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=7a24277b-5187-4d99-9203-1eab51e76e33&amp;t=7a24277b-5187-4d99-9203-1eab51e76e33" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-42d491b8e5674d769e70291cbc2490d1"><b>然后</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>Ctrl+s</b></code><b>保存文件，会发现当前文件夹下出现名为</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>myfun</b></code><b>的函数文件</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-fdbaa441f29c4d5681076a069d0b13fa"><b>而后，我们就可以在命令行窗口或者程序脚本文件中调用该函数，例如</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-f992fc944b3049299461d22c8d657ab6"><b>在各种需要定义复杂函数表达式的问题中都需要利用函数脚本文件来定义函数。</b></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-413b687c85144ffea7fe395c8d686e12" data-id="413b687c85144ffea7fe395c8d686e12"><span><div id="413b687c85144ffea7fe395c8d686e12" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#413b687c85144ffea7fe395c8d686e12" title="函数图像"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>函数图像</b></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-b45638f41a6243a08e83ff9b719714aa">对于绘制二维函数图像，上一篇中已经介绍了几个常用的指令:<code class="notion-inline-code">plot</code><span style="padding:0.5em"></span><code class="notion-inline-code">ezplot</code>以及<code class="notion-inline-code">fplot</code>. 可以简要总结为</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-7e44e410b2a5430b84753efc994333e6"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:655.995361328125px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A824fa1d2-cb38-4cc2-9645-ec65243c0ba0%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=7e44e410-b2a5-430b-8475-3efc994333e6&amp;t=7e44e410-b2a5-430b-8475-3efc994333e6" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-f0d765ee62fe4c3a89d0eaeef374d0fe">下面介绍极坐标曲线的绘图指令<code class="notion-inline-code">polar</code>和<code class="notion-inline-code">ezpolar</code>，以及如何显示<b>轨迹</b>（“轨迹”一词立马让我想起高中数学圆锥曲线压轴题，很快啊）。</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-53572520e3f44b7fb83e7c457911fc40" data-id="53572520e3f44b7fb83e7c457911fc40"><span><div id="53572520e3f44b7fb83e7c457911fc40" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#53572520e3f44b7fb83e7c457911fc40" title="polar"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><code class="notion-inline-code">polar</code></span></span></h4><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-92258817af6841cdbd61fd792871077a"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>polar</b></code><b>指令可以由极坐标的数据点绘制极坐标曲线图，下面绘制半径为2的圆</b></li></ul><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-f047787b75034f39b4bd1d7058cda628"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:536.99072265625px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A6ceab610-f760-42c8-a898-a2c7626fdf04%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=f047787b-7503-4f39-b4bd-1d7058cda628&amp;t=f047787b-7503-4f39-b4bd-1d7058cda628" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-f2d662cf4fb64693855b8460c66e8e42"><b>其中，</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>0:0.1:2*pi</b></code><b>是一种数组的生成方式，表示从</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>0</b></code><b>开始到</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>2*pi</b></code><b>结束，步长为</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>0.1</b></code><b>，</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-fe951446f40f474f95d6d661b1bbbc63"><b>而</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>ones(size(theta))</b></code><b>指令是生成与</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>theta</b></code><b>等长度的全1数组，使得每一个</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>theta</b></code><b>值对应的极径</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>r</b></code><b>都为2. </b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>polar</b></code><b>指令中的</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>b</b></code><b>表示图线颜色设置为蓝色。</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-8bb643c11a6b430a9c67cbff75305725"><b>下面绘制心型线</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3d4fd013792e422f87386771848541f1"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:536.99072265625px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Ac5cd4da4-becf-400a-a161-1acbc21f92bd%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=3d4fd013-792e-422f-8738-6771848541f1&amp;t=3d4fd013-792e-422f-8738-6771848541f1" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-blank notion-block-47c5ab74e52843b5a49c773159d438f0"> </div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-063ef29fab074f7d954c9f03f16ed095" data-id="063ef29fab074f7d954c9f03f16ed095"><span><div id="063ef29fab074f7d954c9f03f16ed095" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#063ef29fab074f7d954c9f03f16ed095" title="ezpolar"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>ezpolar</b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-29bd4db545f84464a4e297db6d64e4ff"><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>ezpolar</b></code><b>指令快速绘制符号表达式极坐标图，例如，绘制螺旋线方程，</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-b6bbbb4a904b447897b1583b91e85b4b"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:307.99554443359375px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A1f65b345-1002-4a38-bd90-374797066d92%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=b6bbbb4a-904b-4478-97b1-583b91e85b4b&amp;t=b6bbbb4a-904b-4478-97b1-583b91e85b4b" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-972ac22d31eb4e76b8add07cd65a4004"><b>显示2维曲线的轨迹图用指令</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>comet</b></code><b>（3维曲线轨迹用</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>comet3</b></code><b>），该指令可以运用在高中物理中天体运动以及带电粒子运动轨迹可视化等方面。例如，螺旋线轨迹</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-951f0ccfa85b435a97b2785838203fe0"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A08d9cba5-568c-4522-b823-2624b5c8301a%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=951f0ccf-a85b-435a-97b2-785838203fe0&amp;t=951f0ccf-a85b-435a-97b2-785838203fe0" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-955321c9a65c4ca6806619427b72218e"><b>甚至可以利用</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>comet</b></code><b>指令来画简笔画</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-9e5e45dcb392490c936904b76344353f"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:423.9930419921875px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Abc066b41-a40f-462e-b826-91905ff56216%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=9e5e45dc-b392-490c-9369-04b76344353f&amp;t=9e5e45dc-b392-490c-9369-04b76344353f" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-acb804f2f39d476e9e3206286a8c20ba" data-id="acb804f2f39d476e9e3206286a8c20ba"><span><div id="acb804f2f39d476e9e3206286a8c20ba" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#acb804f2f39d476e9e3206286a8c20ba" title="符号表达式"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">符号表达式</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-b7417ae0b1ee487daae3e8e0c02e91df">利用符号表达式可以定义一个函数表达式，所有的符号表达式定义都从<code class="notion-inline-code">syms</code>指令开始，比如你的表达式包含<code class="notion-inline-code">x,y</code>两个变量，那么你要首先定义两个符号变量:

紧接着就可以写出你的符号表达式，例如想画一个双曲面<span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span>三维图，</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-697aa5a27ee94e4eb335c7b8fedb89c3"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A83931929-c680-4b73-b734-e0b9903f7c5a%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=697aa5a2-7ee9-4e4e-b335-c7b8fedb89c3&amp;t=697aa5a2-7ee9-4e4e-b335-c7b8fedb89c3" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-74fff8d6ddf74be8ba1127f3a7207e73">其中<code class="notion-inline-code">fsurf</code>指令可以快速绘制符号表达式的三维曲面图，你只要指定函数表达式，调用该函数就可以很快绘制曲面图，不需要指定任何数据信息。这和之前介绍过的快速绘制符号表达式的二维曲线图的指令<code class="notion-inline-code">fplot</code>用法类似。（以后我们专门讲绘图指令时会再提。）

</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-637046a546164988a7e6957c7a1295b5" data-id="637046a546164988a7e6957c7a1295b5"><span><div id="637046a546164988a7e6957c7a1295b5" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#637046a546164988a7e6957c7a1295b5" title="expand"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">expand</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-b3f2f2449c13489a8f2f083c81cf8dc9">我们可以利用符号表达式来进行简单的公式推演，例如</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-032bcf22b4ac49f9a6025328ece5d1cb">其中<code class="notion-inline-code">expand</code>指令是把乘积结果展开。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-42de408c135b4ee1bc2a2e4eacca0c84">我们也可以对符号表达式进行化简，例如</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-44bdf15a0c894ed48ceba09a234d1355" data-id="44bdf15a0c894ed48ceba09a234d1355"><span><div id="44bdf15a0c894ed48ceba09a234d1355" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#44bdf15a0c894ed48ceba09a234d1355" title="simplify"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">simplify</span></span></h4><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-5bbfd5c0edbc4e0ea47635fa46fe6e90" data-id="5bbfd5c0edbc4e0ea47635fa46fe6e90"><span><div id="5bbfd5c0edbc4e0ea47635fa46fe6e90" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#5bbfd5c0edbc4e0ea47635fa46fe6e90" title="函数求极限"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b><b>函数求极限</b></b></span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-66e953095537455e82fbfba85c038d00">微积分中求极限是最基本的操作。在<code class="notion-inline-code">matlab</code>中求极限的指令为<code class="notion-inline-code">limit(f,var,a)</code>，即求</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-01453ef33727451cbfa7457c6bdaf685"><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-4bd9a58a5aa24b9d9c9db068644c9ae8">的值。例如，我们求下面这个常见的极限</div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><div class="notion-blank notion-block-21b3ef937451459dab7b7a609c211d54"> </div><div class="notion-text notion-block-2993ad3acdae41c4a9a30f2c296f9b4d">完全正确！对于<b>高等数学</b>中所有的求极限题目都可以一网打尽！

</div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-525510bb10364ff9a6bb47f56aeb8288" data-id="525510bb10364ff9a6bb47f56aeb8288"><span><div id="525510bb10364ff9a6bb47f56aeb8288" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#525510bb10364ff9a6bb47f56aeb8288" title="泰勒展开"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b><b>泰勒展开</b></b></span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-3d3dea5230ca4a639a74f7f357d61c70"><code class="notion-inline-code">Matlab</code>中求一个函数<code class="notion-inline-code">f</code>的某个自变量<code class="notion-inline-code">x</code>某点<code class="notion-inline-code">x0</code>处截断的泰勒展开利用指令<code class="notion-inline-code">taylor(f,x,x0)</code>,其中<code class="notion-inline-code">x0</code>若是缺失则默认在0处展开，例如求<span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span>函数在0处的前几阶泰勒展开：

</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-fce1c418bd35467e84856f6ac53dab39">（若没有指定展开到多少阶，默认最高只展开到6阶）我们可以指定展开到<code class="notion-inline-code">n</code>阶，利用<code class="notion-inline-code">taylor(f,x,x0,&#x27;order&#x27;,n)</code>.例如展开到13阶

</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-ac7f260addf44070ad969ebdccc9497d">我们也可以对二元函数进行泰勒展开（这是高等数学下册所学，不要求掌握的内容），例如求函数<span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span>的前13阶展开：
</div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-d098f383fcc54189beaf4d3b90b87888" data-id="d098f383fcc54189beaf4d3b90b87888"><span><div id="d098f383fcc54189beaf4d3b90b87888" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#d098f383fcc54189beaf4d3b90b87888" title="函数求导"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b><b>函数求导</b></b></span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-7966f8c226534cc8aaf5fb3d701266bc">微积分中求导是第二基本操作。在<code class="notion-inline-code">matlab</code>中求导的指令为<code class="notion-inline-code">diff(f,var,n)</code>，即对函数<code class="notion-inline-code">f</code>的某个变量<code class="notion-inline-code">var</code>求<code class="notion-inline-code">n</code>阶导数。例如，我们求函数<span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span>的一阶导数，有</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-647bc7c3ff1447b381e5ba29d7f5107c">我们也可以求偏导数，例如对如下函数求<code class="notion-inline-code">x</code>偏导
</div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-f55d76f74eaf483187d3f5cb6f016981" data-id="f55d76f74eaf483187d3f5cb6f016981"><span><div id="f55d76f74eaf483187d3f5cb6f016981" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#f55d76f74eaf483187d3f5cb6f016981" title="求不定积分"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>求不定积分</b></span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-5bec6b9fbcb148a9ac6c9858b2acc42d">微积分中求积分是第三基本操作。在<code class="notion-inline-code">matlab</code>中求不定积分的指令为<code class="notion-inline-code">int(f,var)</code>，即对函数<code class="notion-inline-code">f</code>的某个变量<code class="notion-inline-code">var</code>求积分。例如，我们求积分<span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span>两边积分</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-51af69c9995f465abbbc91a8fd749cf8">我们可以求多元函数关于某一变量的积分（其他的变量当成常数对待），例如求</div><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-4531ae2a029c438aa6b0a883a9b211be" data-id="4531ae2a029c438aa6b0a883a9b211be"><span><div id="4531ae2a029c438aa6b0a883a9b211be" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#4531ae2a029c438aa6b0a883a9b211be" title="求定积分"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b><b>求定积分</b></b></span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-961763c79af84b09bdf26b4533d33ec0">定积分就是在不定积分基础上加上积分上下限，有多种方法。</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-ff15525aa576454a86b19a0aa109f5c4"><li><em><b>方法一</b></em><b>，符号表达式利用</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>int(f,x0,x1)</b></code><b>求函数</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>f</b></code><b>在</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>x0</b></code><b>到</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>x1</b></code><b>区间的积分。例如，求积分</b></li></ul><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-008b18b0498d46c29d4091d50d080f35"><li><b>（还记得高等数学教材中是如何求此积分的吗？上册教材利用“夹逼定理”，即先求圆域积分再求正方形域积分，最后取极限；下册是利用二元函数极坐标系求积分，最后取极限）在</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>matlab</b></code><b>中只需要两三行程序：</b></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-6a7c335b0a64447096b3f97fba8012f4"><em><b>方法二</b></em><b>，匿名函数（</b><a class="notion-link" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=Mzg5MzUzNTMyNw==&amp;mid=2247484097&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=7aa42ee68de6abe1f25922ca9a0e3fef&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">前面说过匿名函数怎么定义</a><b>）情况下利用</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>integral(f,x0,x1)</b></code><b>求函数</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>f</b></code><b>在</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>x0</b></code><b>到</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>x1</b></code><b>区间的积分。例如，依然求上面的积分，则有</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-a1d93d52e0c745aba38b14d42a9b51cc"><b>注意这里面得到的是数值结果（除了符号表达式下得到的是精确的解析解外，其他情况下都是数值解！）</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-15cf253c92cc4465bfd6aab7c02e4bec"><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>integral</b></code><b>指令求一元函数的定积分可以说是非常强大！</b><b>任何复杂</b><b>的一元函数都可以利用该指令求出数值积分！后面我们将会讲到对应的二重积分和三重积分求积指令分别为</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>integral2</b></code><b>和</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>integral3</b></code><b>.</b></div><div class="notion-blank notion-block-a3919cae69c14ff5ad129681e0c2c300"> </div><div class="notion-text notion-block-f8148216d34c45d08219ee80be104fe4"><b>方法三，各种数值积分。例如</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>quad(f,a,b)</b></code><b>利用复化辛普森求积算法计算积分（精度比较高），</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>trapz(x,y)</b></code><b>利用梯形公式计算积分（精度最低）。例如，依然计算上面的积分，利用</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>quad</b></code><b>函数有</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-6b0624db44a8406788d8331a3740dc16"><b>（注意</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>quad</b></code><b>中的上下限不能出现无穷符号</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>inf</b></code><b>，所以如果你的求积区间存在无穷大，要使用</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>quad</b></code><b>指令，可以把无穷大用一个相对较大的数值取代，例如这里我把无穷大取代为1000）</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-8a1377bfe91246c88f283254b0020310"><b>和</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>integral</b></code><b>的结果一致。（有人可能会问把无穷替换为一个相对较大的数，积分出来结果能不能反映真实值？很显然，如果一个函数在0到无穷大的区间内积分收敛，即积分结果是一个定值，那么你取0到1000和0到10000积分得到的结果应该很接近，如果说你取了两种相对较大的区间，发现积分结果差别比较大，可能存在两种原因，第一，被积函数在无穷范围内积分不收敛！第二，你取的“相对较大”的数还不够大！）</b></div><div class="notion-blank notion-block-202af01181e44db09ed0daad217ee5ca"> </div><div class="notion-text notion-block-57686b9a0cca4fafa064bcdbdaee7685"><b>我们再利用</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>trapz</b></code><b>函数来求此积分，（先把0到1000离散成很多个点</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>x</b></code><b>，显然我也不可能取0到无穷大的离散点，所以就取一个相对较大的数1000。再计算每个离散点处被积函数的值</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>f</b></code><b>.然后调用</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>trapz</b></code><b>函数计算积分）得到</b></div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-478cd9b6a15a4b26a6a7d9533076647c" data-id="478cd9b6a15a4b26a6a7d9533076647c"><span><div id="478cd9b6a15a4b26a6a7d9533076647c" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#478cd9b6a15a4b26a6a7d9533076647c" title="例题"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">例题</span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-c53b3d92270c4ae3b2b0101a811d620e" data-id="c53b3d92270c4ae3b2b0101a811d620e"><span><div id="c53b3d92270c4ae3b2b0101a811d620e" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#c53b3d92270c4ae3b2b0101a811d620e" title="积分"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">积分</span></span></h4><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-block"><span></span></span><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-2c0d76d6238743d286991a8ef459dbbb" data-id="2c0d76d6238743d286991a8ef459dbbb"><span><div id="2c0d76d6238743d286991a8ef459dbbb" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2c0d76d6238743d286991a8ef459dbbb" title="绘图"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">绘图</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-cc1853a3d2bd4aec90e0cba259b3ca44"><span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span>和<span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span>的交线</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-9bb657a5383a4d399d5fba58fd5d4988">其中，用到绘制符号三维曲面的函数<code class="notion-inline-code">fsurf</code>和<code class="notion-inline-code">fmesh</code>.得到：

这恰是空间中的一个椭圆。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-a2752f0a6a8e4a27801c25623fbc7995"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:533.9930419921875px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Affbf5491-a640-4ad1-8fea-9a7c26df9d8c%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=a2752f0a-6a8e-4a27-801c-25623fbc7995&amp;t=a2752f0a-6a8e-4a27-801c-25623fbc7995" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-ecf787fa2d584cd88397f2260882e3a8"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:544.9884033203125px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A2ed9f644-34cd-469d-823b-867495e12560%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=ecf787fa-2d58-4cd8-8397-f2260882e3a8&amp;t=ecf787fa-2d58-4cd8-8397-f2260882e3a8" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-blank notion-block-8779738e638149bea9265d1de618f3e7"> </div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-1596fd3f11fb468688f1be5ccf3ec426" data-id="1596fd3f11fb468688f1be5ccf3ec426"><span><div id="1596fd3f11fb468688f1be5ccf3ec426" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#1596fd3f11fb468688f1be5ccf3ec426" title="解方程"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b><b>解方程</b></b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-00149335fa444d67903ef2fa444dde5f">解代数方程（组）的求解是个永恒的话题，线性方程组很好解，直接利用线性代数理论即可。对于非线性方程组，在<code class="notion-inline-code">matlab</code>里面可以利用<code class="notion-inline-code">solve</code>指令求解符号方程组（可以得到绝对的解析解，但是只对一些不太复杂的方程组有效），复杂的非线性方程组可以利用<code class="notion-inline-code">fzero</code>和<code class="notion-inline-code">fsolve</code>求解数值解。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-53824fa21c44474aa966b80d1bd0c272">例如，我们求解方程组：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-764e220482814ab3a6afa348ea9a7556"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:182.9976806640625px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Aa2653a8f-faa5-479c-8e69-2db14dc8302a%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=764e2204-8281-4ab3-a6af-a348ea9a7556&amp;t=764e2204-8281-4ab3-a6af-a348ea9a7556" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-df5cecb346cd426bb72ff1b3fa48c6a0">可以看出，求出三组解，一组实数解，两组复数解。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-0c84004afcd748a195a781d626efff31">有时候我们<b>不想要复数解，只想求实数解</b>，这时候就需要用到一个很厉害的指令：<code class="notion-inline-code">assume(var,conditions)</code>，即：假定变量var具有condition条件，这些条件可以有<code class="notion-inline-code">real</code>（实数），<code class="notion-inline-code">positive</code>（正数），<code class="notion-inline-code">integer</code>（整数)等等。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-0b8a20d9366f4566b3c3ec9242f04740">例如，对上面的问题，我们只要加上两句指令：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-51a78ee5be3c4530860bab0089d8798c"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:198.9930419921875px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A4f9a0980-ea29-4e03-85ba-a6c7f3e667e8%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=51a78ee5-be3c-4530-860b-ab0089d8798c&amp;t=51a78ee5-be3c-4530-860b-ab0089d8798c" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-9b74890cacfe4a36acc8ad59a2fa9f1e" data-id="9b74890cacfe4a36acc8ad59a2fa9f1e"><span><div id="9b74890cacfe4a36acc8ad59a2fa9f1e" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#9b74890cacfe4a36acc8ad59a2fa9f1e" title="求偏导数"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b><b>求偏导数</b></b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-5158fa061ebc47ce937858e9ff0f9b66">求偏导数是多元函数微积分最基本操作。求偏导还是用一元函数求导指令<code class="notion-inline-code">diff</code>，只是需要嵌套使用。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-fa1790b887ef4d4988e7e62e9b8df2df">以<b>2021年考研数学一</b>第20大题为例，演示<code class="notion-inline-code">matlab</code>在复杂符号函数求偏导数方面的威力。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-ef720490640f484480f18db33f41f1e9">该题计算,其中：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-4c49ad5117dc4b02b94f3ce7a2097eb0"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A27658357-9b74-4c32-9808-b1589d16f29e%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=4c49ad51-17dc-4b02-b94f-3ce7a2097eb0&amp;t=4c49ad51-17dc-4b02-b94f-3ce7a2097eb0" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-02bb9110692b429fa1801e843a123cc7">能不能利用<b>格林公式</b>需要判断是否成立：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-e91adeaca82b45dc86cd6d6d0d95f793">遇到复杂表达式一定要想到<code class="notion-inline-code">simplify</code>可以来帮忙！
</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-b4eee23d80e241aba5a5ac3f6d0c5b80" data-id="b4eee23d80e241aba5a5ac3f6d0c5b80"><span><div id="b4eee23d80e241aba5a5ac3f6d0c5b80" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#b4eee23d80e241aba5a5ac3f6d0c5b80" title="二重积分"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b><b>二重积分</b></b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-7d1ca192fee0499e8a1e5525d7bb39ca">首先，大家需要知道，解方程或者计算积分，都存在两种方法：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-db78261e14fd44fe949103f3645e4d67"><li><b>符号表达式，可以求精确的解析解，但是只适用一些较简单的情形；</b></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-a9e3130e135f4a409c281aced0bf718c"><li><b>数值计算，求出数值解，适用范围很广。</b></li></ul><div class="notion-text notion-block-450c419cb2154f94bc2622863b30df14">首先，对于符号表达积分，之前已经介绍过一元函数积分<code class="notion-inline-code">int(f,x,a,b)</code>指令，对于二重积分，只需要嵌套使用。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-72cf0c63a53244849804b546429aca0b">例如，我们求积分</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-a72eea5737204ae3a55087bb74bb625a"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:346.99072265625px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A02bd4249-57bb-42dd-959f-834e725d4656%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=a72eea57-3720-4ae3-a550-87bb74bb625a&amp;t=a72eea57-3720-4ae3-a550-87bb74bb625a" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-53327c33eeff4473ba92e9c0ebadbdb4">则只要三行指令：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-f97b3f970a2242f5b8033d4bf6f99298">（任何符号表达式运算都需要首先利用<code class="notion-inline-code">syms</code>定义变量！）其中<code class="notion-inline-code">int</code>指令进行了一次嵌套使用，

</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-508d9eaf45ca4f0a965939b02735c221">对于复杂的积分，例如计算:</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-bfebd562298b4333b3d9a96dde608a13"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:262.9976806640625px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A2d101b3f-67c0-42c1-8a77-5392ee1f84e2%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=bfebd562-298b-4333-b3d9-a96dde608a13&amp;t=bfebd562-298b-4333-b3d9-a96dde608a13" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-b7bc507df6e64bf59f9c6c639e042199">注意其中积分变量<code class="notion-inline-code">y</code>的下限是<code class="notion-inline-code">x</code>的函数.</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-d4f6be71895341668f23552df2dad637">如果我们依然利用符号表达式积分，有：</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-c764ea765f774b4180a7f9d12fb62ffe">显然得不到想要的结果。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-4bd3b313115f4030a07026b552e2fd9f">如果我们想要看这个积分的值到底是多少，可以利用数值积分指令</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-14ec5f3cbef04854888750f7b352515b"><code class="notion-inline-code">integral2(fun,xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax)</code>，其中<code class="notion-inline-code">xmin,xmax</code>一定要是常数，而<code class="notion-inline-code">ymin=ymin(x),ymax=ymax(x)</code>可以是<code class="notion-inline-code">x</code>的函数。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-cff564a93bc24e579ac098d5bdb47793">对于上面的积分，有：</div><div class="notion-blank notion-block-c42816afe1784ba688b9443f61d57db8"> </div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-330901ffad774e179bb57326ac1def7c" data-id="330901ffad774e179bb57326ac1def7c"><span><div id="330901ffad774e179bb57326ac1def7c" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#330901ffad774e179bb57326ac1def7c" title="三重积分"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>三重积分</b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-6d0b61f6865d48ff8199d82048e3e8b2">对于三重积分，和二重类似，可以利用<code class="notion-inline-code">int</code>的嵌套使用来求绝对精确的符号表达式积分，但是大多数情况下我们需要借助<code class="notion-inline-code">Matlab</code>函数<code class="notion-inline-code">integral3(f,xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax,zmin,zmax)</code>来求数值积分.</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-bbfb6f10f324488a8252ad6399de6254">需要注意的是，x变量的上下限一定是常数！</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-ead414a3406f4e70958d3a52eed49d0a"><b>y变量的上下限可以是x变量的函数</b>，即<code class="notion-inline-code">ymin=ymin(x),ymax=ymax(x)</code>.</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-d82c2a6ddbf34be3943d3120867e83f8">而<b>z变量的上下限可以是x、y两个变量的函数</b>，即<code class="notion-inline-code">zmin=zmin(x,y),zmax=zmax(x,y)</code>.</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-c400ee939e2a492cb47ce9688ae8c820">因此，再果使用<code class="notion-inline-code">integral3</code>计算三重积分时，如果你的x变量的上下限不是常数，要先进行转化，把上下限是常数的积分变量当成<code class="notion-inline-code">x</code>，其余两个上下限不是常数的变量分别当成<code class="notion-inline-code">y,z</code>.</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-a9093d79e6654ffcb08d5f67c360a66e">例如，我们求下面的四面体的体积，</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-304d3c34e38c4dc399b6fcd7675be121"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A95ec4948-dd01-48eb-a737-59cd59c842b6%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=304d3c34-e38c-4dc3-99b6-fcd7675be121&amp;t=304d3c34-e38c-4dc3-99b6-fcd7675be121" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-e08710a50e664fb897d89e43e9d2ce70">利用三重积分表达为</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3a1a9ba9658f438393a881a27fe9883e"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:393.9930419921875px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A3db69e07-1110-4a0a-903a-cdd957de7ae1%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=3a1a9ba9-658f-4383-93a8-81a27fe9883e&amp;t=3a1a9ba9-658f-4383-93a8-81a27fe9883e" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-604ec6e5f2874f408273a531e1976e81"><b>利用</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>int</b></code><b>嵌套来求符号表达式积分，</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-98e2cf07e3234dfd9ae3823300a2876b"><b>利用</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>integral3</b></code><b>来求数值解，注意需要将不是常数的积分上限</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>ymax=1-x,zmax=1-x-y</b></code><b>用函数句柄的形式定义出来，</b></div><div class="notion-blank notion-block-bed81f7a8c76443d85e7e3f2b2089e88"> </div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-7b16b81f982e4a1e8e5249a8acb6abad" data-id="7b16b81f982e4a1e8e5249a8acb6abad"><span><div id="7b16b81f982e4a1e8e5249a8acb6abad" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#7b16b81f982e4a1e8e5249a8acb6abad" title="级数求和"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>级数求和</b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-d7c0024e49414281a796db9196e56a6b"><code class="notion-inline-code">Matlab</code>中级数求和用<code class="notion-inline-code">symsum</code>指令，基本用法为<code class="notion-inline-code">symsum(f,k,a,b)</code>,表示对表达式<code class="notion-inline-code">f</code>中的<code class="notion-inline-code">k</code>从<code class="notion-inline-code">a</code>到<code class="notion-inline-code">b</code>求和.</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-e41c4adadcca4c48b5ba62c86427e574">例如，求级数</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-e33c86f7f4be47049884e49d8bed6100"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:222.9976806640625px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Acf0b9171-c03e-431d-9458-de1de64d5873%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=e33c86f7-f4be-4704-9884-e49d8bed6100&amp;t=e33c86f7-f4be-4704-9884-e49d8bed6100" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-21d6dc0d25874fb3995eacbe4e051437">(在高等数学中我们已经知道，此级数可以通过傅里叶级数展开的方法求得，值为<!-- -->).</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-a210d48611fb4dc9a6eee72a8a2e4dde">我们需要定义符号表达式，再利用<code class="notion-inline-code">symsum</code>求和，</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-f7a2a69f3d3040ddb9d4df1dc8a1bfa6"><b>Exactly what we expect !</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-91416ce627eb4a1bbc29029456052c8f">我们也可以利用<code class="notion-inline-code">symsum</code>求无穷级数的<b>和函数</b>，例如，求：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-033cc0f6a43b479988bdee45ff7f271a"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:272.9513854980469px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Af8a249d4-d531-44f3-9c77-fb69aea858f7%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=033cc0f6-a43b-4799-88bd-ee45ff7f271a&amp;t=033cc0f6-a43b-4799-88bd-ee45ff7f271a" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-6fffa88d4efe4d7291ea1d53ce13dcc3">(显然，这是函数<span role="button" tabindex="0" class="notion-equation notion-equation-inline"><span></span></span>的展开式).利用下面的程序：</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-8a21ff40048e45babf9581161ad3d054" data-id="8a21ff40048e45babf9581161ad3d054"><span><div id="8a21ff40048e45babf9581161ad3d054" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#8a21ff40048e45babf9581161ad3d054" title="解常微分方程"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>解常微分方程</b></span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-a4f0e4c8b6c14ca09d29d38934d372a1">同积分的计算一样，解微分方程也可以分为利用符号表达式的解析方法和各种丰富的数值方法.</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-6a4f9812102a4c2ea0974966eb7bb2d4"><code class="notion-inline-code">Matlab</code>中常微分方程的符号表达式解法利用<code class="notion-inline-code">dsolve(equations,conditions)</code>指令，即在<code class="notion-inline-code">conditions</code>条件下，求解方程<code class="notion-inline-code">equations</code>.</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-8f8dac05479d41759630458bad66033f">若没有<code class="notion-inline-code">condition</code>条件限制，我们可以得到带有常系数的通解.</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-0c56a9b564e047679290f5bceb7fe2c5">例如，我们要求解微分方程：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-a36d35fa6ea14832a3bc3bddc5a2c65a"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:180.995361328125px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A4b8edc60-a782-4e94-8dc4-7766bfeb7417%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=a36d35fa-6ea1-4832-a3bc-3bddc5a2c65a&amp;t=a36d35fa-6ea1-4832-a3bc-3bddc5a2c65a" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-8a34c7127bc749d09f678adc8e851981">这正是上述方程的通解形式。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-18c74f10d8004a63a3ab1a1304c96d69">若要求解带有边界条件的微分方程，例如，求解：</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-7454bf75d4af48f68d5bd8f11eb30ba3"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:307.99554443359375px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Ad6adc276-658a-470b-b981-4c43016fac03%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=7454bf75-d4af-48f6-8d5b-d8f11eb30ba3&amp;t=7454bf75-d4af-48f6-8d5b-d8f11eb30ba3" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-blank notion-block-64a8b11a471b45a39074fb9466b07cb2"> </div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-ccf16411708a428884832f60ea0bf7e7" data-id="ccf16411708a428884832f60ea0bf7e7"><span><div id="ccf16411708a428884832f60ea0bf7e7" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#ccf16411708a428884832f60ea0bf7e7" title="线代"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">线代</span></span></h2><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-54e4dd866b914c00a9f07fe240875523" data-id="54e4dd866b914c00a9f07fe240875523"><span><div id="54e4dd866b914c00a9f07fe240875523" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#54e4dd866b914c00a9f07fe240875523" title="数组的定义与生成"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title"><b>数组的定义与生成</b></span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-3e4185416ccc4a9aa2dc9e070d988aee">首先，要知道<b>数组</b>是<code class="notion-inline-code">Matlab</code>中数据的基本存储与操作格式，<b>一维数组</b>就是线性代数中的<b>向量</b>，<b>二维数组</b>就是线性代数中的<b>矩阵</b>.<b>向量</b>的表现形式为一列数据（列向量）或者一行数据（行向量），而<b>矩阵</b>的表现形式为<code class="notion-inline-code">m</code>行<code class="notion-inline-code">n</code>列的数据.</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-224b1032c5fb478eba1395511fa6fa33"><code class="notion-inline-code">Matlab</code>中生成一个数组可以有多种方法：</div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-537fb93a61fa4653af246da351cad706"><li><b>直接输入，并利用中括号</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>[]</b></code><b>将数据括起来，例如</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>a=[1,2,3,4] </b></code><code class="notion-inline-code"><em><b>% 行向量</b></em></code><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>b=[1;2;3;4] </b></code><code class="notion-inline-code"><em><b>% 列向量</b></em></code><b>得到行向量和列向量：</b><b>要注意的是，相同行的数据之间用**逗号</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>,</b></code><b>隔开；不同行的数据之间用</b><b>分号</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>；</b></code><b>*隔开。</b></li></ul><div class="notion-blank notion-block-94f425d906844341b31cee27786be3b8"> </div><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-59cf42dd126a4d388c7d16621c9332a8"><li><b>利用冒号</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>:</b></code><b>生成等距间隔的数据,格式为</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>a:h:b</b></code><b>，即：a到b且间隔步长h的向量.</b><b>例如，列出20以内的奇数，则有：</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>c=1:2:20 </b></code><code class="notion-inline-code"><em><b>% 1到20，间隔2</b></em></code><b>得到：</b><b>想要得到列向量怎么办？很简单，转置就好了,</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>Matlab</b></code><b>中</b><b>转置是加单引号</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>’</b></code><b>.例如：</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>d=(1:2:20)&#x27; </b></code><code class="notion-inline-code"><em><b>% 转置得到列向量</b></em></code><b>得到列向量：</b></li></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-c6e58a0ac435424faea9e8b47b1c07f7"><li><b>利用内置函数生成数组，包括：</b></li><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-c6e58a0ac435424faea9e8b47b1c07f7"><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>linspace(a,b,n)</b></code><b>：生成一个从a到b的具有n个数的等距向量，例如：</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>e=linspace(0,1,6) </b></code><code class="notion-inline-code"><em><b>% 0到1，共6个数的行向量</b></em></code></li><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>zeros(m,n)</b></code><b>:生成一个</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>m</b></code><b>行</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>n</b></code><b>列的全零矩阵，例如：</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>f=zeros(1,length(e)) </b></code><code class="notion-inline-code"><em><b>% 生成一个与e具有相同长度的全零向量</b></em></code><b>得到一个和行向量</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>e</b></code><b>相同长度的全零向量：</b><b>其中，</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>length(e)</b></code><b>函数可以获得向量</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>e</b></code><b>的长度。</b><b>值得注意的是，在编程时</b><b>提前生成一个用来存放计算结果的全零向量，可以避免在循环语句中向量的长度一直在变化，从而减少计算时间，提高效率</b><b>，这有点类似</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>C</b></code><b>语言中提前指定变量以分配内存的思想。</b></li><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>ones(m,n)</b></code><b>:生成一个</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>m</b></code><b>行</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>n</b></code><b>列的全1矩阵，例如：</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>g=ones(size(f)) </b></code><code class="notion-inline-code"><em><b>% 生成一个与f具有相同维度的全1向量</b></em></code><b>得到一个和行向量</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>f</b></code><b>相同长度的全1向量：</b><b>其中，</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>size(f)</b></code><b>函数得到数组</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>f</b></code><b>的维度，f此时是1行6列的向量，因此返回</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>[1,6]</b></code><b>，再利用</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>ones</b></code><b>可以得到一个和f维度相同的全1向量g.</b></li><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>eye(m,n)</b></code><b>:生成m行n列的单位矩阵（即对角元素为1，其他元素为0）.</b><b>例如：</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>E=eye(3,3) </b></code><code class="notion-inline-code"><em><b>% 3阶单位矩阵</b></em></code><b>得到单位矩阵：</b></li><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>magic(n)</b></code><b>:生成n行n列的**“魔方”矩阵**（每一行之和、每一列之和、每一斜对角之和都相等的矩阵！）</b><b>例如：</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>M=magic(4) </b></code><code class="notion-inline-code"><em><b>% 4阶数魔方矩阵</b></em></code><b>得到：</b><b>读者可以验证是否满足“魔方”矩阵的性质。</b></li><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>rand(m,n)</b></code><b>:生成m行n列0到1的随机分布矩阵，例如：</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>h=rand(2,3) </b></code><code class="notion-inline-code"><em><b>% 2乘以3的随机矩阵</b></em></code><b>得到随机矩阵：</b></li><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>randi(Nmax,[m,n])</b></code><b>:生成一个m行n列的整数随机矩阵，且整数的最大值为</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>Nmax</b></code><b>.</b><b>例如，</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>k=randi(10,[2,3]) </b></code><code class="notion-inline-code"><em><b>% 2乘以3的整数随机矩阵，最大值为10</b></em></code></li><li><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>randn(m,n)</b></code><b>:生成m行n列的正态分布矩阵。</b><b>例如：</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>n=randn(1,5) </b></code><code class="notion-inline-code"><em><b>% 1行5列的正态分布矩阵</b></em></code><b>得到：</b></li></ul></ul><ul class="notion-list notion-list-disc notion-block-6bcf40ac37e748c3a99ddee610ef066e"><li><b>利用已有的数组进行整体运算与赋值得到新的数组。例如,在二维函数绘图中，我们首先定义离散坐标</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>x</b></code><b>向量，再由函数表达式得到对应的</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>y</b></code><b>向量，紧接着用</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>y</b></code><b>关于</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>x</b></code><b>绘图。例如，下面绘制心形线:首先我们要定义个向量来表示角度,紧接着利用写出每个角度处对应的</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>x</b></code><b>坐标和</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>y</b></code><b>坐标，它们应当和角度向量具有相同维度！最后用</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>y</b></code><b>关于</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>x</b></code><b>绘图。</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>t=linspace(0,2*pi,100); </b></code><code class="notion-inline-code"><em><b>% 角度离散点</b></em></code><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>x=(1-sin(t)).*cos(t); </b></code><code class="notion-inline-code"><em><b>% x坐标</b></em></code><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>y=(1-sin(t)).*sin(t); </b></code><code class="notion-inline-code"><em><b>% y坐标</b></em></code><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>fplot(x,y,&#x27;r-*&#x27;)</b></code><b>得到：注意我们利用了</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>.*</b></code><b>运算符号，该运算符可以说是</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>Matlab</b></code><b>中最重要的几个运算符号之一！</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>.*</b></code><b>运算符号表示的是两个相同维度的数组对应位置的元素相乘，和通常的矩阵乘法规则完全是两个概念。例如，</b><code class="notion-inline-code"><b>A=[1 2 3];B=[1 1 1];A.*B</b></code><b>得到：即为对应元素相乘的结果。</b></li></ul><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-83586af39cce44e99aeade88e7402ae9"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A72c2d00a-7ce7-482f-9f9a-c3236403cb24%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=83586af3-9cce-44e9-9aea-de88e7402ae9&amp;t=83586af3-9cce-44e9-9aea-de88e7402ae9" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-blank notion-block-7e639959af984560b9e155e6c9f2df6e"> </div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-984b6eafc6cb464494f533f5d22babf0" data-id="984b6eafc6cb464494f533f5d22babf0"><span><div id="984b6eafc6cb464494f533f5d22babf0" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#984b6eafc6cb464494f533f5d22babf0" title="参考资料"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">参考资料</span></span></h2><div class="notion-row"><a class="notion-bookmark notion-block-1966bc0838cf41f5a0ab6a420ab8add9" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/EzxZ-QptnHmpacFoRUtYwQ" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><div><div class="notion-bookmark-title">Matlab基础（一）</div><div class="notion-bookmark-description">前言简介什么是`Matlab`?长什么样子?`Matlab`基础用法常用指令有趣的指令前言之前说过，Matl</div><div class="notion-bookmark-link"><div class="notion-bookmark-link-icon"><img src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fres.wx.qq.com%2Fa%2Fwx_fed%2Fassets%2Fres%2FMjliNWVm.svg?table=block&amp;id=1966bc08-38cf-41f5-a0ab-6a420ab8add9&amp;t=1966bc08-38cf-41f5-a0ab-6a420ab8add9" alt="Matlab基础（一）" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div><div class="notion-bookmark-link-text">https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/EzxZ-QptnHmpacFoRUtYwQ</div></div></div><div class="notion-bookmark-image"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/http%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2F814k3ZPttAeDF9b9CUsk449GeygjDqCsqrYjfsu1eHjCqVh2R0CJEyNia2DnkKKybT6wjoUqiarYMOAyaaoevaJA%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg?table=block&amp;id=1966bc08-38cf-41f5-a0ab-6a420ab8add9&amp;t=1966bc08-38cf-41f5-a0ab-6a420ab8add9" alt="Matlab基础（一）" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></a></div><div class="notion-row"><a class="notion-bookmark notion-block-21254c3c6038434ba6919ed1ebf3eb0f" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/5Movy18OeXXKCZAcy1grxg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><div><div class="notion-bookmark-title">Matlab基础（六）-线性代数应用1</div><div class="notion-bookmark-description">Matlab线性代数应用1</div><div class="notion-bookmark-link"><div class="notion-bookmark-link-icon"><img src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fres.wx.qq.com%2Fa%2Fwx_fed%2Fassets%2Fres%2FMjliNWVm.svg?table=block&amp;id=21254c3c-6038-434b-a691-9ed1ebf3eb0f&amp;t=21254c3c-6038-434b-a691-9ed1ebf3eb0f" alt="Matlab基础（六）-线性代数应用1" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div><div class="notion-bookmark-link-text">https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/5Movy18OeXXKCZAcy1grxg</div></div></div><div class="notion-bookmark-image"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/http%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2F814k3ZPttAdH7YicQgg2UibNPEJxxZnoTJxkzAyhr0XnqL932HcNeUnYoHy2sAWNribqdM2Xnpte2B0D3azKiaiakicg%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg?table=block&amp;id=21254c3c-6038-434b-a691-9ed1ebf3eb0f&amp;t=21254c3c-6038-434b-a691-9ed1ebf3eb0f" alt="Matlab基础（六）-线性代数应用1" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></a></div></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
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            <title><![CDATA[有限元分析——模态分析]]></title>
            <link>https://www.xzhh.top/article/Ansys</link>
            <guid>https://www.xzhh.top/article/Ansys</guid>
            <pubDate>Tue, 11 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[光机结构模态分析与参数]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-847df288391f41958cf46772c3f478df"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><div class="notion-table-of-contents notion-gray notion-block-2c262a5a7b89424b98b61cf1a3efc3e8"><a href="#4deaf6db8e76499a963226ae6037c367" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">模态概述</span></a><a href="#067f27e3f0c34ccbadb953f53e4b0a66" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">模态结果分析</span></a><a href="#0f936f336db34bcb9b4161e8c05ae9db" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">变形分析</span></a><a href="#4d7076219c87435d9f7de8cb33b95a21" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">共振的条件</span></a><a href="#4f3f761850f8481c87463aa3e19a176c" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">结构动力学模块</span></a><a href="#9bd1f3d93f9a46bfb0749d45defb5666" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">动力学功能分类及算法</span></a><a href="#4b1b9966fe164ac28f95b90fc030da39" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">瞬态结构</span></a><a href="#75a695612d72404e86feb45f78d024dc" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">静态结构</span></a><a href="#936c3ca9808846089a2880abeb4eed43" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:48px">工况2</span></a><a href="#25610794970e40afb68ebcdcfcdb4f7c" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:48px">工况3</span></a><a href="#f7e0af5dbf9444a5bc8f46c26920ce92" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">瞬态计算</span></a><a href="#882a2ed572e54acfac6871963bd1658e" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">结果对比</span></a><a href="#ac51d86e095b4256a820b1f3084f6c78" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:48px">结果的原因</span></a><a href="#d5a2574e6cc841d8be1d6c734043b25e" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">时间步长和阻尼振动的初步了解</span></a><a href="#201ba29b3e0747f5802fee35a2c55e37" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">共振</span></a><a href="#089f980382a54e25aaf700554af66819" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">阻尼</span></a><a href="#c12c6d9f6aed467486fc101b7e453d11" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">参考资料</span></a></div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-4deaf6db8e76499a963226ae6037c367" data-id="4deaf6db8e76499a963226ae6037c367"><span><div id="4deaf6db8e76499a963226ae6037c367" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#4deaf6db8e76499a963226ae6037c367" title="模态概述"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">模态概述</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-cc0f971ac3214665b0447dda03702978">每种结构都具有固定的振动形态，称之为振动模态。模态是振动系统的一种固有振动特性，模态一般包含频率，振型和阻尼三个因素。为了便于对模态进行称呼，就以模态频率的大小进行排队，这种排队的顺序就称之为阶。一个结构的动力学特性可以用模态参数完整的描述。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-28c9ba9c38524829aef0b67685f82c99">HZ对应振动频率；不同模态的振动形态激发需要不同频率，对应不同阶数。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-f909a39e7b2548088564749e4d186fc3"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A6eff3013-360f-4fac-ae1f-45609e5c3b9c%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=f909a39e-7b25-4808-8564-749e4d186fc3&amp;t=f909a39e-7b25-4808-8564-749e4d186fc3" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-4dc12818a19b4964b8a9fbf904f6458a">自由模态下，只有空中或者水中才会这样，其他不约束基本不可信，设定边界条件或者约束后结果规律也不一定。（试过几次会更高一些，基频）</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-8622dfba439f401bb6acd2b9a6c6f4b9"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A753f6d4f-af31-4df4-b39c-e7275ffa4503%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=8622dfba-439f-401b-b6ac-d2b9a6c6f4b9&amp;t=8622dfba-439f-401b-b6ac-d2b9a6c6f4b9" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-5b1ab296219d469eb68deab3a8af4460">网格划分中，尺寸调整自适应尺寸调整，点击否。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-48a7cfc7e7964f76aced413e183c0dc1"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A3c362643-2538-4511-b9b9-7db34631b044%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=48a7cfc7-e796-4f76-aced-413e183c0dc1&amp;t=48a7cfc7-e796-4f76-aced-413e183c0dc1" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-5d88f95394e249e98dd91a7157e221ee">复制一个系统，命名为约束模态</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-81ca61533f7545e18bc59d02a46f2511"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:365.9837951660156px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Adff96c1b-c60a-4310-996a-c1e548044e8d%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=81ca6153-3f75-45e1-8bc5-9d02a46f2511&amp;t=81ca6153-3f75-45e1-8bc5-9d02a46f2511" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-55993409cc044287a113a635c8044b70">固定约束后，</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2d6c0011a8e74668bb3a4f989d26ec35"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Aa71985c2-5e1f-4ff3-9dd0-1b7c304bf327%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=2d6c0011-a8e7-4668-bb3a-4f989d26ec35&amp;t=2d6c0011-a8e7-4668-bb3a-4f989d26ec35" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-blank notion-block-63e5725af2a54c789dde589ec0d37a47"> </div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-7acdb67f723648dfbadf1befb2705d37"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A1cf9976d-1648-437b-9a80-a942c55e8491%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=7acdb67f-7236-48df-badf-1befb2705d37&amp;t=7acdb67f-7236-48df-badf-1befb2705d37" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-60ac81a6c88a46e0a9c4903a06b793c9"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A909bc1e4-281b-47a4-936c-3258fdf8532d%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=60ac81a6-c88a-46e0-a9c4-903a06b793c9&amp;t=60ac81a6-c88a-46e0-a9c4-903a06b793c9" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-fa16574df2cf41ffa63ced11d9dcf9d7">刚度和固有频率成正比关系，质量和固有频率成反比关系。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-495f0de66c874930aec34299b58693a8">K主要和结构形状和材料本身的因素相关。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-953106d670fb4d929d906672f9b1c59e">PV=m，E刚度，p密度不变，加压后改变了，受压刚度下降，受拉刚度上升。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-7e4778c7144a4668a0ca13ca1757e68c"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Ac597a100-5772-4b00-a22d-a0ac5387ae22%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=7e4778c7-144a-4668-a0ca-13ca1757e68c&amp;t=7e4778c7-144a-4668-a0ca-13ca1757e68c" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-b50255f4cb0d45c3a0c5ab4b9c49a2df"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A2e44eaa9-887b-40b6-ae32-27d64201a4e4%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=b50255f4-cb0d-45c3-a0c5-ab4b9c49a2df&amp;t=b50255f4-cb0d-45c3-a0c5-ab4b9c49a2df" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-72f9d48489614811a5e73bd4f21cc4bf">密度下降，固有频率上升明显</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-6c6f0c556a4d4570bf8bf44b2aa7c457"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A22acafb4-5d37-4ff9-be5e-f5254ed9e2a8%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=6c6f0c55-6a4d-4570-bf8b-f44b2aa7c457&amp;t=6c6f0c55-6a4d-4570-bf8b-f44b2aa7c457" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-067f27e3f0c34ccbadb953f53e4b0a66" data-id="067f27e3f0c34ccbadb953f53e4b0a66"><span><div id="067f27e3f0c34ccbadb953f53e4b0a66" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#067f27e3f0c34ccbadb953f53e4b0a66" title="模态结果分析"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">模态结果分析</span></span></h2><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-1590b514b65946d0859eefceb29b74cb"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Ae4a76bf8-fcfa-437f-852b-551894bdc391%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=1590b514-b659-46d0-859e-efceb29b74cb&amp;t=1590b514-b659-46d0-859e-efceb29b74cb" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-01b0098638d04753b0a2142f81c3b482">大部分结构不允许共振，在基频的附近避频。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-66bff0048ebc4b9a8b4a9dea9b7fd519">该情况的下±50%都没有可用的频率</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-43effc1208024e9cb1036be09bbc2f96"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A5b754a64-3be4-4fd8-b56b-35f734482f7b%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=43effc12-0802-4e9c-b103-6be09bbc2f96&amp;t=43effc12-0802-4e9c-b103-6be09bbc2f96" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-blank notion-block-3c02943b4a9c4a069578e31f42290be4"> </div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-0f936f336db34bcb9b4161e8c05ae9db" data-id="0f936f336db34bcb9b4161e8c05ae9db"><span><div id="0f936f336db34bcb9b4161e8c05ae9db" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#0f936f336db34bcb9b4161e8c05ae9db" title="变形分析"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">变形分析</span></span></h3><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-d5a9efca29e342d09ee018b3b701f4fb"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A93b8aeda-64a3-4870-b9af-3eda3737826b%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=d5a9efca-29e3-42d0-9ee0-18b3b701f4fb&amp;t=d5a9efca-29e3-42d0-9ee0-18b3b701f4fb" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-164aeb9cd07f4881bf845a946d844099">显示真实的尺度，有些振动是不会发生的，使用探针功能打点测试。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-90d45e80e77640d693a5f5cc38dbc157">只是显示振动的样子，数值不重要。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-824eebb6a5fe44c083aba8aa9b2ad541"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A03553c01-b1fe-48f5-b1e7-ea31b127eda8%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=824eebb6-a5fe-44c0-83ab-a8aa9b2ad541&amp;t=824eebb6-a5fe-44c0-83ab-a8aa9b2ad541" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-4d7076219c87435d9f7de8cb33b95a21" data-id="4d7076219c87435d9f7de8cb33b95a21"><span><div id="4d7076219c87435d9f7de8cb33b95a21" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#4d7076219c87435d9f7de8cb33b95a21" title="共振的条件"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">共振的条件</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-2a8df61f74ba419595894573d0e7fe6d">频率一定要在基频附近，振动在力的方向上容易振动，有些方向不会，可以看分量，经验相关个，不能100%确定 。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-08e525c3951748b0906dbbf9545cf1b4"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Aaeebd685-5b3b-47b1-8a90-cab385b227de%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=08e525c3-9517-48b0-906d-bbf9545cf1b4&amp;t=08e525c3-9517-48b0-906d-bbf9545cf1b4" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-b51a498495e14e39a7d07e52f93c4e0d">1、会改变的，不同的振动载荷会到来不同的振动幅值；</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-56b0cd9a69b54acdb351f2ccac0242da">2、会有可能；</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-6237fb35b3184884934df6fd5c00207d">3、降低振动的幅值。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-fb36c1b2c26d4f23b7e43921d4e45f94">模态分析是振动分析的前置分析，而不是等同于振动分析。</div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-4f3f761850f8481c87463aa3e19a176c" data-id="4f3f761850f8481c87463aa3e19a176c"><span><div id="4f3f761850f8481c87463aa3e19a176c" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#4f3f761850f8481c87463aa3e19a176c" title="结构动力学模块"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">结构动力学模块</span></span></h2><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-9d5fb5e83f4842eaa777c00ec65720c7"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A59fe9cd0-4fba-421f-a905-7c61761d693b%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=9d5fb5e8-3f48-42ea-a777-c00ec65720c7&amp;t=9d5fb5e8-3f48-42ea-a777-c00ec65720c7" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-4580bf665bf64976a33d87127248cc14">一般是都是绿色的</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-5bce3a2094984e9ea3a0c7d87aad25e1">谐波响应：当前没有办法确定当前的载荷对结构产生共振时，采用谐波响应。加一个指定的载荷，以一定的频率激励设备，反馈真实的振动量，非常重要。</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-9bd1f3d93f9a46bfb0749d45defb5666" data-id="9bd1f3d93f9a46bfb0749d45defb5666"><span><div id="9bd1f3d93f9a46bfb0749d45defb5666" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#9bd1f3d93f9a46bfb0749d45defb5666" title="动力学功能分类及算法"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">动力学功能分类及算法</span></span></h3><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-a4bb1f32849b4b9194529547c1219d96"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:336.99072265625px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A27303d2c-d44f-437a-a224-74baf22373d2%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=a4bb1f32-849b-4b91-9452-9547c1219d96&amp;t=a4bb1f32-849b-4b91-9452-9547c1219d96" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-7b432558e96440c4ad81515f38f042e2">一根棍子插在土里受力的三种状态：1、受力后来回摇摆；2、断裂；3、飞出去</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-d062aa9e44dc468a856f2d83b806b7c0"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A476f1d7e-54d9-4bae-a5ca-323fb7c320dc%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=d062aa9e-44dc-468a-856f-2d83b806b7c0&amp;t=d062aa9e-44dc-468a-856f-2d83b806b7c0" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-b3a2db3242814e1ca6706fac057a50eb">动力学分为刚体动力学和变形体动力学，刚体动力主要是针对结构不会变形，如3案例。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-16ce65961f784a35828f7b09eea217d4">运动学仿真主要针对刚体运动仿真，也能做部分变形体。有限元分析范畴更广，主要变形体，也能设置刚体。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-7e05ed9d39a142a195d2ce3caa357f4b">变形体分为三种，从上至下分别对应2、1、3.。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-13726a78d1954cf68d08764446dbc635">变形体动力学一般通过时域积分法，对T进行积分，算出运动。该方法包含隐式积分法和显示积分法，其中，隐式积分法主要针对振动问题和一般运动问题。而显示积分法应用更广，三种动力学问题都能计算。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-71b9517425ef42bbbe421324bc879b94">针对振动问题有四种特定的方法更为适用，这四种方法只能解决单一的振动问题，不能包含物体运动，比如球掉落在地上，振动和运动同时发生不适用。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-fc8f263173fe493eac196d64aa30701b">其中谱分析和随机分析针对例如地震海啸等随机振动。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-8710f571fdd64f69a7d6857327e9f1ab">谐波分析主要给定载荷和一定频率，激励设备，反馈振动。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-c0ac1ebb6c824307b07ec228f88f8348">瞬态分析主要是用频域分析法进行分析，而不是时域，对于时间长的计算更高效。例如杆在土中振动，既可以用隐式积分法，也可以用频域积分法。</div><div class="notion-blank notion-block-719c69e681d946b8a0365eb57c394f8c"> </div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-4b1b9966fe164ac28f95b90fc030da39" data-id="4b1b9966fe164ac28f95b90fc030da39"><span><div id="4b1b9966fe164ac28f95b90fc030da39" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#4b1b9966fe164ac28f95b90fc030da39" title="瞬态结构"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">瞬态结构</span></span></h2><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-faaf2fb921dc42049b465cfe030a0436"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A4d935844-4304-42ab-bdb1-b495ad83995f%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=faaf2fb9-21dc-4204-9b46-5cfe030a0436&amp;t=faaf2fb9-21dc-4204-9b46-5cfe030a0436" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-75a695612d72404e86feb45f78d024dc" data-id="75a695612d72404e86feb45f78d024dc"><span><div id="75a695612d72404e86feb45f78d024dc" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#75a695612d72404e86feb45f78d024dc" title="静态结构"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">静态结构</span></span></h3><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-936c3ca9808846089a2880abeb4eed43" data-id="936c3ca9808846089a2880abeb4eed43"><span><div id="936c3ca9808846089a2880abeb4eed43" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#936c3ca9808846089a2880abeb4eed43" title="工况2"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">工况2</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-9de5fd25273047ae96555b1c97c8e93e">网格设置</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-31357a77e6af4fbd9648ee4f5d337f5e"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Acb3af2b3-a4f4-472c-8e81-0c6a129cae97%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=31357a77-e6af-4fbd-9648-ee4f5d337f5e&amp;t=31357a77-e6af-4fbd-9648-ee4f5d337f5e" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-ebd3efdeb7524201a8fb7fa5da110754">固定支撑</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-7fe580a43c5340a9a49ce4391c9a5e79"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Afc88a52b-8628-44d1-9873-077d37a72482%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=7fe580a4-3c53-40a9-a49c-e4391c9a5e79&amp;t=7fe580a4-3c53-40a9-a49c-e4391c9a5e79" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-d9543e9dffdd4b4d85de0e66f9ab8353">固定面</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-809408b6bd8f4b7d98b432f361279469"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Af8f2ea9b-e189-4c32-8f16-1d3bf1349ee8%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=809408b6-bd8f-4b7d-98b4-32f361279469&amp;t=809408b6-bd8f-4b7d-98b4-32f361279469" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-49e8e3ff89ff48f694db7d6e29ef8c6f">分析设置，0.2s</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2a8c36f41a944c379f3cff55ebfe0738"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A317c9f77-3cac-458d-8191-527a29636cce%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=2a8c36f4-1a94-4c37-9f3c-ff55ebfe0738&amp;t=2a8c36f4-1a94-4c37-9f3c-ff55ebfe0738" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-3cd36b106c3a4bec94d5f4bfff649cc9">插入力</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-29863df4971448dfbd2e8d2b44959637"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A9cd00aec-ab79-4b02-8947-89cac2eacb7f%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=29863df4-9714-48df-bd2e-8d2b44959637&amp;t=29863df4-9714-48df-bd2e-8d2b44959637" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-19059237123e4c6ba62cb198ac2654af">0.1s</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-8f40f51489c4491fad5544df46ec04b7"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Aae6956ad-09c6-42d6-8f2e-a868dcbf1be3%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=8f40f514-89c4-491f-ad55-44df46ec04b7&amp;t=8f40f514-89c4-491f-ad55-44df46ec04b7" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-f1f207f014cb4aa08cc7dbb56228c651">求解，总变形</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-d7e36f81988843d4a036774c91a47984"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Abd9c78d8-12bf-4d8e-806d-003f1725fd5b%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=d7e36f81-9888-43d4-a036-774c91a47984&amp;t=d7e36f81-9888-43d4-a036-774c91a47984" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-blank notion-block-a9a3e5c788bf467cbdde778f1445155d"> </div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-25610794970e40afb68ebcdcfcdb4f7c" data-id="25610794970e40afb68ebcdcfcdb4f7c"><span><div id="25610794970e40afb68ebcdcfcdb4f7c" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#25610794970e40afb68ebcdcfcdb4f7c" title="工况3"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">工况3</span></span></h4><div class="notion-row notion-block-964a2b265de043d0a69a84e3728d9e71"><div class="notion-column notion-block-e8227c715a1948b98468ea3b69db4c20" style="width:calc((100% - (1 * min(32px, 4vw))) * 0.5)"><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-50f797dd154e438ba9e42b183e7474fd"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:420.9837951660156px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Afb2db328-6a3e-4723-af44-804701c3101c%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=50f797dd-154e-438b-a9e4-2b183e7474fd&amp;t=50f797dd-154e-438b-a9e4-2b183e7474fd" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div><div class="notion-spacer"></div><div class="notion-column notion-block-feaedb33ae214b93911533b0cef326a3" style="width:calc((100% - (1 * min(32px, 4vw))) * 0.5)"><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-8761f2477db743318e24818d21928268"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:330.995361328125px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A23349211-ed81-418f-abe1-7e1c69183915%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=8761f247-7db7-4331-8e24-818d21928268&amp;t=8761f247-7db7-4331-8e24-818d21928268" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure></div><div class="notion-spacer"></div></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-92a1e01f8c0b473d8b270bea75eb4c2b">分析设置</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-e59cdf21671546a1b7f3da69af146bcd"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Afb457fb8-f6d5-4833-a49d-2aee98b69ca1%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=e59cdf21-6715-46a1-b7f3-da69af146bcd&amp;t=e59cdf21-6715-46a1-b7f3-da69af146bcd" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-65da2fb1332446ea9a12dcf90150ed12">力的设置，步长</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-7819d8647be84fa58f6ea8ddb2e0d49f"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Ac12c9fb7-41fe-4330-b70a-817c8847894d%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=7819d864-7be8-4fa5-8f6e-a8ddb2e0d49f&amp;t=7819d864-7be8-4fa5-8f6e-a8ddb2e0d49f" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-5e84069d5d69456a884df80773f65670">求解</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-7a9ef519fab14cb98e46b2c4001ef0db"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A15fb32ab-c7a1-4ec4-875d-79f80f5e8b22%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=7a9ef519-fab1-4cb9-8e46-b2c4001ef0db&amp;t=7a9ef519-fab1-4cb9-8e46-b2c4001ef0db" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-cd4a6d808bc7469291bd6a0b9d5873b9">结论，静态结果相同</div><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-f7e0af5dbf9444a5bc8f46c26920ce92" data-id="f7e0af5dbf9444a5bc8f46c26920ce92"><span><div id="f7e0af5dbf9444a5bc8f46c26920ce92" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#f7e0af5dbf9444a5bc8f46c26920ce92" title="瞬态计算"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">瞬态计算</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-4dc3e1ce1c7546e1a920e458f1f747ba">设置的区别在于下图</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-13fb242804f048698535bb5c1a808c98">设置时间步长参数</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-b8e3184719494366b2b58e0309fa939c"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A0e3574c4-6d01-402c-ae28-03b31b4f5370%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=b8e31847-1949-4366-b2b5-8e0309fa939c&amp;t=b8e31847-1949-4366-b2b5-8e0309fa939c" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-ae82424e1aea48ad87033f6e7c0af9c9">参数的含义</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-68f366e51c204c8b84afae5064a3b01f"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Ad7354e34-d50b-4b7f-904a-7dd5cf528d9c%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=68f366e5-1c20-4c8b-84af-ae5064a3b01f&amp;t=68f366e5-1c20-4c8b-84af-ae5064a3b01f" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-24d48349467547b2bd3a27a586955be6">力矩的大小</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-47f246b24d1f4e36893af5a6179a0568"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A4e89d78f-71b4-4239-9b2a-39094ac56349%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=47f246b2-4d1f-4e36-893a-f5a6179a0568&amp;t=47f246b2-4d1f-4e36-893a-f5a6179a0568" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-882a2ed572e54acfac6871963bd1658e" data-id="882a2ed572e54acfac6871963bd1658e"><span><div id="882a2ed572e54acfac6871963bd1658e" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#882a2ed572e54acfac6871963bd1658e" title="结果对比"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">结果对比</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-bbf31b5cfae74a8ba4f5cd34c15eb4a2">载荷的动态过程，需要去做瞬态仿真。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-b0d41eeb11744bb89227966271dee156"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A55af6e64-f5aa-4d8d-8e4f-6f073b721509%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=b0d41eeb-1174-4bb8-9227-966271dee156&amp;t=b0d41eeb-1174-4bb8-9227-966271dee156" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-cb5c5cfb7ffd4bd4ae40434bad1fb4fa">动态结果对比</div><div class="notion-blank notion-block-a36d59024e0046ffa52b70f87c9a5446"> </div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-f949aaaa2d1e4acda0100a66575103d5"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A00e812ca-50eb-4b45-b98a-32b043a4ca80%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=f949aaaa-2d1e-4acd-a010-0a66575103d5&amp;t=f949aaaa-2d1e-4acd-a010-0a66575103d5" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-2 notion-block-ac51d86e095b4256a820b1f3084f6c78" data-id="ac51d86e095b4256a820b1f3084f6c78"><span><div id="ac51d86e095b4256a820b1f3084f6c78" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#ac51d86e095b4256a820b1f3084f6c78" title="结果的原因"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">结果的原因</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-3bd88b49778449c99873b2008db9e947">动态方程与速度和加速度有关，当速度和加速度偏大，对结果会有影响。</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-a1bb6c8ffe2447bf8f62115d0a4a8cf0">当载荷作用缓慢，等效于静态变化，类似工况1</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-8ca98843d5a24ba09edd825aabd2c331"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Aa21a16c2-216d-461d-8f31-4d09d70cfecb%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=8ca98843-d5a2-4ba0-9edd-825aabd2c331&amp;t=8ca98843-d5a2-4ba0-9edd-825aabd2c331" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-d5a2574e6cc841d8be1d6c734043b25e" data-id="d5a2574e6cc841d8be1d6c734043b25e"><span><div id="d5a2574e6cc841d8be1d6c734043b25e" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#d5a2574e6cc841d8be1d6c734043b25e" title="时间步长和阻尼振动的初步了解"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">时间步长和阻尼振动的初步了解</span></span></h2><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-8b41ef2ca2d24ada9e6ee0725674f3f3"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Aea9875ce-539b-49d8-ad52-271ee038a273%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=8b41ef2c-a2d2-4ada-9e6e-e0725674f3f3&amp;t=8b41ef2c-a2d2-4ada-9e6e-e0725674f3f3" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-blank notion-block-ee811fb49c3242bbb61382c9c15081f4"> </div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-05ea81a97c7f4662867862fd67475d66"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A5c5f038d-e2f1-4c93-b2a9-d7bfceb59d18%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=05ea81a9-7c7f-4662-8678-62fd67475d66&amp;t=05ea81a9-7c7f-4662-8678-62fd67475d66" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-d1e46be3625145e4a0109f08650242c8">时间步可以刚开始百分之一，千分之一的步长设置，如果精度很好了，可以步长×2，反之除2，</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-f308069068164133967e6f2ba51fd756"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A1d4ceafe-8b5b-4266-939c-c3da90cfaa2d%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=f3080690-6816-4133-967e-6f2ba51fd756&amp;t=f3080690-6816-4133-967e-6f2ba51fd756" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-6cd8ef6c6b344ccb8cf0f1b9f0c90392">但是，要注意实际的步长看电脑自动选取的步长，实际计算出多少个点来衡量。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-8ffebce676fd4123ba9f1c7137c7d7bd"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A320dac40-899b-43a9-a628-c2f84614ee50%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=8ffebce6-76fd-4123-ba9f-1c7137c7d7bd&amp;t=8ffebce6-76fd-4123-ba9f-1c7137c7d7bd" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-7b9a3b658f464f0fb7b46126fe1c5114"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Af393579f-115f-4b56-a36a-88fea43c9bf7%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=7b9a3b65-8f46-4f0f-b7b4-6126fe1c5114&amp;t=7b9a3b65-8f46-4f0f-b7b4-6126fe1c5114" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-201ba29b3e0747f5802fee35a2c55e37" data-id="201ba29b3e0747f5802fee35a2c55e37"><span><div id="201ba29b3e0747f5802fee35a2c55e37" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#201ba29b3e0747f5802fee35a2c55e37" title="共振"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">共振</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-54cec06f56054bf9ac92358c4fda2454">频率加方向</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-01e8b50da8f24f0ea40c1ec202dc7b87"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A8ecbec5e-a8a3-47be-b931-15d164fca3b7%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=01e8b50d-a8f2-4f0e-a40c-1ec202dc7b87&amp;t=01e8b50d-a8f2-4f0e-a40c-1ec202dc7b87" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-244ea00224b340a2a4c20c8c764d696f">尝试研究和理解，产生振动</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-ad9a8e6b023644668bbb5218113227da"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A7b7d4d26-4a08-44d1-a595-ed756e9d10d3%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=ad9a8e6b-0236-4466-8bbb-5218113227da&amp;t=ad9a8e6b-0236-4466-8bbb-5218113227da" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-d2bdb817036148fca3d860413ffccf6d">之前振动模型中，方向和振形最有可能振动的是2阶和4阶</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-d575ab93409d492aa3438c67ed7b8e31"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A21dffa17-d07b-4c79-82e7-8a418cec3c72%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=d575ab93-409d-492a-a343-8c67ed7b8e31&amp;t=d575ab93-409d-492a-a343-8c67ed7b8e31" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-836574acfae24bbe9be94407b324b3b1">加载设置好的载荷，0.02s一个周期，</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-202731f7ce3c42c380839a1b4ad5e4df"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A268287c7-4c92-4cb5-956c-5e62c1ff1cfd%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=202731f7-ce3c-42c3-8083-9a1b4ad5e4df&amp;t=202731f7-ce3c-42c3-8083-9a1b4ad5e4df" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-ea0313d19cc740678cf9df3a5c4d4dc9">除以固有频率的两倍，</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-f94feb71b2ea4ba89175e95bbae63b80"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A0cfeb946-3ae8-4602-8402-390e99dc5e2c%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=f94feb71-b2ea-4ba8-9175-e95bbae63b80&amp;t=f94feb71-b2ea-4ba8-9175-e95bbae63b80" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-5707a0aa3b724c7c95f470b811cda8cd">例如，100Hz,下的设置，</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-3d7296b786f0446390b7b4e7ebbeea46"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A22142e12-62ff-4c33-b0cb-f06efc4feda8%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=3d7296b7-86f0-4463-90b7-b4e7ebbeea46&amp;t=3d7296b7-86f0-4463-90b7-b4e7ebbeea46" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-8a5c6f13cd124b1081ce84ef00f067e7">复制数据时有技巧，选中第一个单元格</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-104a445028974eecb3a67ebfe8b6d64b"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:450.995361328125px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Acb7e0e36-0848-4b11-8e7a-3e2522821d3f%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=104a4450-2897-4eec-b3a6-7ebfe8b6d64b&amp;t=104a4450-2897-4eec-b3a6-7ebfe8b6d64b" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-50fb62ebdc014106970dd8e78430b0db"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:440.995361328125px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A39bcd6e4-85b1-41f1-aeed-1ba19f448c8e%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=50fb62eb-dc01-4106-970d-d8e78430b0db&amp;t=50fb62eb-dc01-4106-970d-d8e78430b0db" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-39659465e16b4abe9766a5b8628a640b">贴入后</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-852c375eeb414616bc77783b7047e0b0"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A11695927-c885-4a8f-b3c5-23bf4f7651d8%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=852c375e-eb41-4616-bc77-783b7047e0b0&amp;t=852c375e-eb41-4616-bc77-783b7047e0b0" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-c37a90d1bedc4f7cbe127152a1133ef1">结果没有共振</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-e6da2710a50a4502bfefe6a6c8274471"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Aedf62139-7131-4a69-b5c1-2486d3277bb1%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=e6da2710-a50a-4502-bfef-e6a6c8274471&amp;t=e6da2710-a50a-4502-bfef-e6a6c8274471" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-ecc38f48f3a74129a7c5262486273668">注意，这种报错是时间总长设置有误。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-93d2c07c809f40748d0b368c7cd6a735"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Ab11fa89d-5b58-481a-b23c-2a307f95d2ec%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=93d2c07c-809f-4074-8d0b-368c7cd6a735&amp;t=93d2c07c-809f-4074-8d0b-368c7cd6a735" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-c787857f5d1a4b5bb8b94f0a928c233d">230HZ下共振</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-8c85ad3a5ee8457d912be6e2ae465c7c"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A671080db-485d-4b92-80b3-8deec7d234ed%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=8c85ad3a-5ee8-457d-912b-e6e2ae465c7c&amp;t=8c85ad3a-5ee8-457d-912b-e6e2ae465c7c" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-c04cfdeb40084d29abad5c9d168aea72">最后一种，载荷的方向不对，也无法发生共振</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-cb71c96dda5b4e5abaf3e55cd5219c97"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A921b6b9e-6030-4062-9ffb-59020c93abca%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=cb71c96d-da5b-4e5a-baf3-e55cd5219c97&amp;t=cb71c96d-da5b-4e5a-baf3-e55cd5219c97" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-089f980382a54e25aaf700554af66819" data-id="089f980382a54e25aaf700554af66819"><span><div id="089f980382a54e25aaf700554af66819" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#089f980382a54e25aaf700554af66819" title="阻尼"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">阻尼</span></span></h2><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-19219b8a774a80afb77ddf7d310cdea0"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A1b2ffd49-72ff-4719-8a96-da9ab57611a7%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=19219b8a-774a-80af-b77d-df7d310cdea0&amp;t=19219b8a-774a-80af-b77d-df7d310cdea0" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-blank notion-block-19219b8a774a80b0b091f285324bcfa3"> </div><div class="notion-text notion-block-09550f2d0dd74f8db2277e947359dc32">常用的是瑞丽阻尼（a,b）和常阻尼比</div><div class="notion-blank notion-block-19219b8a774a809fb9abe4436d3433ba"> </div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-19219b8a774a80d8bcd2f04362153bf6"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A8f6260be-4d3f-48f5-b973-76e7e88d35fc%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=19219b8a-774a-80d8-bcd2-f04362153bf6&amp;t=19219b8a-774a-80d8-bcd2-f04362153bf6" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-blank notion-block-19219b8a774a80b4a9e1f655ba7c174e"> </div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-19219b8a774a80b09152f18ee28934c4"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A248df044-1725-46ca-938f-66d98f514aa3%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=19219b8a-774a-80b0-9152-f18ee28934c4&amp;t=19219b8a-774a-80b0-9152-f18ee28934c4" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-blank notion-block-9af66a3c823a4c53bbc8e88ae8564553"> </div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-19219b8a774a80f3b664f06e292064ba"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Ad4cd02e9-65c1-4f92-9520-39358838a1ab%3Aimage.png?table=block&amp;id=19219b8a-774a-80f3-b664-f06e292064ba&amp;t=19219b8a-774a-80f3-b664-f06e292064ba" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-blank notion-block-5500e40e8bed425a83c9be03aa79475c"> </div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-c12c6d9f6aed467486fc101b7e453d11" data-id="c12c6d9f6aed467486fc101b7e453d11"><span><div id="c12c6d9f6aed467486fc101b7e453d11" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#c12c6d9f6aed467486fc101b7e453d11" title="参考资料"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">参考资料</span></span></h2><div class="notion-row"><a class="notion-bookmark notion-block-81d5ff1cd882416cbdb48d4197286e7a" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/V621vxGjQ20yl6kdOO-LFQ" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><div><div class="notion-bookmark-title">有限元分析丨模态分析</div><div class="notion-bookmark-description">模态分析（modal）学习笔记分享！</div><div class="notion-bookmark-link"><div class="notion-bookmark-link-icon"><img src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fres.wx.qq.com%2Fa%2Fwx_fed%2Fassets%2Fres%2FMjliNWVm.svg?table=block&amp;id=81d5ff1c-d882-416c-bdb4-8d4197286e7a&amp;t=81d5ff1c-d882-416c-bdb4-8d4197286e7a" alt="有限元分析丨模态分析" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div><div class="notion-bookmark-link-text">https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/V621vxGjQ20yl6kdOO-LFQ</div></div></div><div class="notion-bookmark-image"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/http%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fmmbiz_jpg%2FoBeoVMRNX13QsN55XVsvxBMsx5ial2qcxibD0OvibYN4TTZkuP3YFKkuKGLBQJ20ibATo5IRJ3ff0cSWiaI6B5OcM4g%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg?table=block&amp;id=81d5ff1c-d882-416c-bdb4-8d4197286e7a&amp;t=81d5ff1c-d882-416c-bdb4-8d4197286e7a" alt="有限元分析丨模态分析" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></a></div><div class="notion-row"><a class="notion-bookmark notion-block-88580df21fa84d7ca11a9d05d945d26c" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Ynx-rn6DzRwaTW7hIprQjQ" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><div><div class="notion-bookmark-title">有限元分析丨模态分析参数</div><div class="notion-bookmark-description">修正《有限元分析丨模态分析》中一处错误。</div><div class="notion-bookmark-link"><div class="notion-bookmark-link-icon"><img src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fres.wx.qq.com%2Fa%2Fwx_fed%2Fassets%2Fres%2FMjliNWVm.svg?table=block&amp;id=88580df2-1fa8-4d7c-a11a-9d05d945d26c&amp;t=88580df2-1fa8-4d7c-a11a-9d05d945d26c" alt="有限元分析丨模态分析参数" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div><div class="notion-bookmark-link-text">https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Ynx-rn6DzRwaTW7hIprQjQ</div></div></div><div class="notion-bookmark-image"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fmmbiz.qpic.cn%2Fsz_mmbiz_jpg%2FoBeoVMRNX13oVhJ8TpIOVqSNAEL92le5C9OcwfO9Al62rtQE2U1tp7KaiazC07vccDGMMFumdetK3W6dbceW7Ww%2F0%3Fwx_fmt%3Djpeg?table=block&amp;id=88580df2-1fa8-4d7c-a11a-9d05d945d26c&amp;t=88580df2-1fa8-4d7c-a11a-9d05d945d26c" alt="有限元分析丨模态分析参数" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></a></div><div class="notion-row"><a class="notion-bookmark notion-block-6f57bd8a20004a8b9904c629df1b89f5" href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/ZpHH5iold8YgwwZXN3S9Mw" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><div><div class="notion-bookmark-title">光机结构设计分析之轻量化蜂窝结构的三种等效刚度仿真方法</div><div class="notion-bookmark-description">​蜂窝结构作为一种轻量化结构形式，常用于轻量化反射镜、蜂窝夹层板等结构，本文验证了蜂窝等效刚度有限元模型的建模方法，对比三种等效刚度简化模型与完整三维实体模型的模态计算结果。</div><div class="notion-bookmark-link"><div 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href="https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1LN4y1j7Y5/?p=2" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><div><div class="notion-bookmark-title">第一课 固有频率基础概念_哔哩哔哩_bilibili</div><div class="notion-bookmark-description">第一课 固有频率基础概念是ANSYS Workbench动力学应用基础教程 张晔（持续更新中）的第2集视频，该合集共计24集，视频收藏或关注UP主，及时了解更多相关视频内容。</div><div class="notion-bookmark-link"><div class="notion-bookmark-link-icon"><img src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fi1.hdslb.com%2Fbfs%2Farchive%2Fb61027bd1ba8465129d8e37f81fb865bda88b74f.jpg%40100w_100h_1c.png%4057w_57h_1c.png?table=block&amp;id=c318454f-985f-452b-9477-d55506257d4a&amp;t=c318454f-985f-452b-9477-d55506257d4a" alt="第一课 固有频率基础概念_哔哩哔哩_bilibili" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div><div class="notion-bookmark-link-text">https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1LN4y1j7Y5/?p=2</div></div></div><div class="notion-bookmark-image"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/https%3A%2F%2Fi1.hdslb.com%2Fbfs%2Farchive%2Fb61027bd1ba8465129d8e37f81fb865bda88b74f.jpg%40100w_100h_1c.png?table=block&amp;id=c318454f-985f-452b-9477-d55506257d4a&amp;t=c318454f-985f-452b-9477-d55506257d4a" alt="第一课 固有频率基础概念_哔哩哔哩_bilibili" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></a></div><div class="notion-blank notion-block-19219b8a774a80c18fa7eb130016e868"> </div></main></div>]]></content:encoded>
        </item>
        <item>
            <title><![CDATA[简历制作]]></title>
            <link>https://www.xzhh.top/article/resume2</link>
            <guid>https://www.xzhh.top/article/resume2</guid>
            <pubDate>Mon, 26 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
            <description><![CDATA[秋招简历制作笔记分享]]></description>
            <content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="notion-article" class="mx-auto overflow-hidden "><main class="notion light-mode notion-page notion-block-704aa41982ce4d6a862d051f1e4eed79"><div class="notion-viewport"></div><div class="notion-collection-page-properties"></div><div class="notion-table-of-contents notion-gray notion-block-a855742705524709b61386a8c5060382"><a href="#67bda20e95db4c0e9337d25b5863c95b" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">简历的重要性</span></a><a href="#2933f7447dd94ca99972f73612b5b597" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">简历制作</span></a><a href="#21dfdf183b81446b93b6c43d90835c01" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">基本准则</span></a><a href="#14feea85f0f548d8a9df7325d5aecf3e" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">基本要求</span></a><a href="#c052c2cb284647b6b2bef433053cce9a" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">认识自己</span></a><a href="#e45e7de2c7d84abfaac050507661ee69" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">认识企业</span></a><a href="#28ba03bfac3e420e984aa78e9154450b" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">适合自己的类型和格式</span></a><a href="#06eb4603e65a4341bd8f72abfa4612a7" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">简历内容</span></a><a href="#2b71efdeeebc44289f8c036e30356d00" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">基本信息</span></a><a href="#935659dae0a04ec592f6b8c3380af30a" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">教育背景</span></a><a href="#325fdf2641d042878dee2268ba82c9b1" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">实践/项目经历</span></a><a href="#cb83a9f20709421f8599361977a7465a" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">专业技能</span></a><a href="#01990529a3744fe28dc70c6661b845f0" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">荣誉奖励</span></a><a href="#29d3bbe67707482eafee5d6cfdf73543" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">补充信息（自我评价）</span></a><a href="#03c83047f1554fe4a178d94de642d361" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">总结</span></a><a href="#20ab557f14e94f6cadc74eb8bf64f212" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:24px">优秀简历模板</span></a><a href="#05f366c70bf44c1083e7d3bbab930f79" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">投递技巧</span></a><a href="#827a73354bfa4c51a84cf7ade2ba234f" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">简历模板</span></a><a href="#a6db0e26bc164f5e855a51ed1eced40f" class="notion-table-of-contents-item"><span class="notion-table-of-contents-item-body" style="display:inline-block;margin-left:0">推荐简历模板网站</span></a></div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-67bda20e95db4c0e9337d25b5863c95b" data-id="67bda20e95db4c0e9337d25b5863c95b"><span><div id="67bda20e95db4c0e9337d25b5863c95b" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#67bda20e95db4c0e9337d25b5863c95b" title="简历的重要性"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">简历的重要性</span></span></h2><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-7e0ee822b7af4dcb9c4a7414ca572f59"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A0593116d-cb6c-4d53-a3ce-f833b30bd53b%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=7e0ee822-b7af-4dcb-9c4a-7414ca572f59&amp;t=7e0ee822-b7af-4dcb-9c4a-7414ca572f59" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-callout notion-gray_background_co notion-block-8020e7beced249bf92bbcab394fdabae"><div class="notion-page-icon-inline notion-page-icon-span"><span class="notion-page-icon" role="img" aria-label="💼">💼</span></div><div class="notion-callout-text">简历只有一个功能一一获得一次面试的机会
对雇主需要的特质做出机敏的反应
真实而巧妙的反应自己的过去
最关键的是一一根据职业目标、求职意向，把个人的教育背景、工作/实习/培训经历，兴趣爱好、个人特点结合起来。</div></div><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-2933f7447dd94ca99972f73612b5b597" data-id="2933f7447dd94ca99972f73612b5b597"><span><div id="2933f7447dd94ca99972f73612b5b597" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2933f7447dd94ca99972f73612b5b597" title="简历制作"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">简历制作</span></span></h2><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-21dfdf183b81446b93b6c43d90835c01" data-id="21dfdf183b81446b93b6c43d90835c01"><span><div id="21dfdf183b81446b93b6c43d90835c01" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#21dfdf183b81446b93b6c43d90835c01" title="基本准则"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">基本准则</span></span></h3><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-5d8bb7bf90244b71b81acf9adbfc328a"><div>要以一个明确的求职目标为重点
个人简历视为一种产品推出去
简历内容要尽量陈述有利条件，以争取面试机会</div></blockquote><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-14feea85f0f548d8a9df7325d5aecf3e" data-id="14feea85f0f548d8a9df7325d5aecf3e"><span><div id="14feea85f0f548d8a9df7325d5aecf3e" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#14feea85f0f548d8a9df7325d5aecf3e" title="基本要求"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">基本要求</span></span></h3><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-12e5923aca6846f29c99e7f68d3f1e02"><div>简历中表现出你了解行业或公司的事
尽量使你像一位专业人士
言简意败
着重展示与求职目标一致的工作经历和背景
仔细检查简历中的错别字
照片一定要职业照（正式）</div></blockquote><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-c052c2cb284647b6b2bef433053cce9a" data-id="c052c2cb284647b6b2bef433053cce9a"><span><div id="c052c2cb284647b6b2bef433053cce9a" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#c052c2cb284647b6b2bef433053cce9a" title="认识自己"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">认识自己</span></span></h3><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-1cae2cdf19784e33a0d0d8b248a8ad27"><div>你更看中什么（经验、薪资、成就感）
你不能忍受什么（受限制过大、加班）                                                       你与众不同的特点（优、缺点）
你最得意的经历，对今后发展是否有用
你失败的经历，是如何处理和改进的</div></blockquote><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-e45e7de2c7d84abfaac050507661ee69" data-id="e45e7de2c7d84abfaac050507661ee69"><span><div id="e45e7de2c7d84abfaac050507661ee69" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#e45e7de2c7d84abfaac050507661ee69" title="认识企业"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">认识企业</span></span></h3><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-6cfe2c6724be4d1ca0725a52b4bdb9c4"><div>你对所应聘职位和企业的了解程度决定了你“中彩”的几率                            你清楚所应聘的职务是什么
你了解该职务需要做哪些具体工作
该职务必须具备什么样的条件和能力
该公司有怎样的企业文化特点
企业的产品是什么？市场形象和定位是什么</div></blockquote><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-28ba03bfac3e420e984aa78e9154450b" data-id="28ba03bfac3e420e984aa78e9154450b"><span><div id="28ba03bfac3e420e984aa78e9154450b" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#28ba03bfac3e420e984aa78e9154450b" title="适合自己的类型和格式"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">适合自己的类型和格式</span></span></h3><blockquote class="notion-quote notion-block-65ba9e4388d94bfcaf5dbe82eb4553fb"><div>格式与内容要完整
个人状况要简洁明了
个人背景要争取对应
工作经验要有详有略
专业技能要真材实料
项目经验要描述完整</div></blockquote><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-06eb4603e65a4341bd8f72abfa4612a7" data-id="06eb4603e65a4341bd8f72abfa4612a7"><span><div id="06eb4603e65a4341bd8f72abfa4612a7" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#06eb4603e65a4341bd8f72abfa4612a7" title="简历内容"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">简历内容</span></span></h2><div class="notion-text notion-block-0a858dab3f0346ca94008f3e8bc16263">基本信息、教育背景、实践/项目经历、专业技能、</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-2b71efdeeebc44289f8c036e30356d00" data-id="2b71efdeeebc44289f8c036e30356d00"><span><div id="2b71efdeeebc44289f8c036e30356d00" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#2b71efdeeebc44289f8c036e30356d00" title="基本信息"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">基本信息</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-29196e010b954cf78ee435a44b4711b1">必要：姓名，联系方式（邮箱、手机、地址）；</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-58942077fd0e4b6c8b062f41810f3705">建议：有性别、年龄（出生年月）、生源地、求职意向；</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-280a59eb530546ce8fd027bca22e6f82">非必需：照片、政治面貌（国企党政机关需要）、身份证号、身高体重、婚姻状况；</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-9721304557fa48e0ab47d30ac04bf987"><span class="notion-red"><b>注意事项：</b></span></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-91cab24100824a81ac4372598cbe2c7a">1.照片需要近期职业照最佳，不要过度美化修饰；</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-c481e2d269444e9db757ac9672b0a080">2.求职意向根据岗位需要有一定的定制化，不能一份简历打天下；</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-08bdedc5fe7a4635a99c929133546388"><b>案例</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-914cc75c67e9408387fe8ede54971d9b"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A72ff1c1d-66b2-44bf-b040-c531266b5b62%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=914cc75c-67e9-4083-87fe-8ede54971d9b&amp;t=914cc75c-67e9-4083-87fe-8ede54971d9b" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-a89846e1cea54ba9850d0875c1fbfc8a"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A3930e914-13c1-4f25-8f19-bffad97b418b%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=a89846e1-cea5-4ba9-850d-0875c1fbfc8a&amp;t=a89846e1-cea5-4ba9-850d-0875c1fbfc8a" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-24afab73c7264d148d80066651319577"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Ac606a7ea-0bd3-4fb3-a1de-11acd4d0335f%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=24afab73-c726-4d14-8d80-066651319577&amp;t=24afab73-c726-4d14-8d80-066651319577" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-a4d119f713184f61ae0b4c1c5a1d1287"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A7168419c-4d3d-44c3-a994-0d93ee2fc901%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=a4d119f7-1318-4f61-ae0b-4c1c5a1d1287&amp;t=a4d119f7-1318-4f61-ae0b-4c1c5a1d1287" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-935659dae0a04ec592f6b8c3380af30a" data-id="935659dae0a04ec592f6b8c3380af30a"><span><div id="935659dae0a04ec592f6b8c3380af30a" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#935659dae0a04ec592f6b8c3380af30a" title="教育背景"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">教育背景</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-69cb9e2671144b268b2c3e93addfdc9c">从最高写起，最多到第一学历；</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-90222e36b0ce4c2fa69839c0181aba8a">不要罗列太多主修课程，和岗位相关2~3门即可；</div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-325fdf2641d042878dee2268ba82c9b1" data-id="325fdf2641d042878dee2268ba82c9b1"><span><div id="325fdf2641d042878dee2268ba82c9b1" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#325fdf2641d042878dee2268ba82c9b1" title="实践/项目经历"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">实践/项目经历</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-f07383da9a8b4357b6745ceacd1c651d">1.罗列和岗位相关的项目经历；</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-026960e1dac64c00bb02bfd92d3de7bd">2.通过一些数据表达结果，动词；</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-85994bdf2b0441909ca8433bd28ff3c0">3.面试官更关心你的项目成果、获得了什么样的收获；</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-78f67eeea5094b28b19df7803bd6999f"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A124bfd59-a146-4f7d-b526-19f0c9e04e8b%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=78f67eee-a509-4b28-b19d-f7803bd6999f&amp;t=78f67eee-a509-4b28-b19d-f7803bd6999f" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-07474ebb509a4cce805768dcac633500"><b>实习案例</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-b8e0b01a6c954b4290f77e45be1c5524">按照时间的倒叙写工作经历，尽量与应聘岗位/行业相关或类似。</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-d1b22486a4504267b8eade9a9bd4b3e1"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Ac6b5da70-5438-4344-867b-b605ada7e9b2%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=d1b22486-a450-4267-b8ea-de9a9bd4b3e1&amp;t=d1b22486-a450-4267-b8ea-de9a9bd4b3e1" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-b6a06af3c83942dabd7ee8da301ffa3d"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Aacd00350-fca8-47a4-856d-cc5a015dce2a%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=b6a06af3-c839-42da-bd7e-e8da301ffa3d&amp;t=b6a06af3-c839-42da-bd7e-e8da301ffa3d" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-19648f2d85804914b21bfd4ff1910b4b"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A05d5910d-1c07-4a4a-a323-9c316f8b11ca%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=19648f2d-8580-4914-b21b-fd4ff1910b4b&amp;t=19648f2d-8580-4914-b21b-fd4ff1910b4b" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-d9c8f77c23254ddf8f5b65b87265c78e"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Af778171d-f645-4739-b91d-a8905231df30%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=d9c8f77c-2325-4ddf-8f5b-65b87265c78e&amp;t=d9c8f77c-2325-4ddf-8f5b-65b87265c78e" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-b5898cbfe2cc42c6a0956fd377c751df"><b>项目案例</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-51849eb4444147c1a56887f8f5616269"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:1056px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A6825d82e-c74d-4ced-90ed-c54342b0abf7%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=51849eb4-4441-47c1-a568-87f8f5616269&amp;t=51849eb4-4441-47c1-a568-87f8f5616269" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-c974d143660a4c1cb387a16a396de2a4"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A0d95512b-f394-4a6b-a4f9-7b549279f458%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=c974d143-660a-4c1c-b387-a16a396de2a4&amp;t=c974d143-660a-4c1c-b387-a16a396de2a4" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-e55fa0d7967640358833c46f730d8274"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Abfa4c441-5e5a-46ce-aecc-d54da500c226%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=e55fa0d7-9676-4035-8833-c46f730d8274&amp;t=e55fa0d7-9676-4035-8833-c46f730d8274" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-6aaba677abf44e1192d87a46e062762a"><b>如无过多相关行业背景，可以加上项目总结</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-05eeb637120b429b813a78e9401847be"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Aa07f71f8-162d-4441-a89f-a331445adf12%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=05eeb637-120b-429b-813a-78e9401847be&amp;t=05eeb637-120b-429b-813a-78e9401847be" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-blank notion-block-6038290f6cdb494494f7f95635d211b3"> </div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-cb83a9f20709421f8599361977a7465a" data-id="cb83a9f20709421f8599361977a7465a"><span><div id="cb83a9f20709421f8599361977a7465a" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#cb83a9f20709421f8599361977a7465a" title="专业技能"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">专业技能</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-f008564efee34c8da18a26afdf14c2f5">1.列出岗位相关的技能、2~3个最重要的，要能回答的出来；</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-46ff0d65fa2549db98539ad5d5a51403"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A4644d83d-0c39-497a-af57-4cf951fac06e%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=46ff0d65-fa25-49db-9853-9ad5d5a51403&amp;t=46ff0d65-fa25-49db-9853-9ad5d5a51403" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-8cf56365a76e40a6a05ad07f0558a285"><b>案例</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-f77fd313a8ae4702a07ced56f89e5997"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A0b22267c-05e2-445b-9b9f-124624443bd3%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=f77fd313-a8ae-4702-a07c-ed56f89e5997&amp;t=f77fd313-a8ae-4702-a07c-ed56f89e5997" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-e4bf8f6719214009aef2af55781011bd"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A346d908b-86da-42c1-ba3e-5a7e3720859b%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=e4bf8f67-1921-4009-aef2-af55781011bd&amp;t=e4bf8f67-1921-4009-aef2-af55781011bd" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-04fc599f93174065b38a865a160494d9"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A87d18a69-9878-47dc-a131-65555772e5c5%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=04fc599f-9317-4065-b38a-865a160494d9&amp;t=04fc599f-9317-4065-b38a-865a160494d9" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-086f270f6a5f4ff6b37487c8d609fdd3"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A5092caef-1195-408a-bf20-09a8f8f8ea5c%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=086f270f-6a5f-4ff6-b374-87c8d609fdd3&amp;t=086f270f-6a5f-4ff6-b374-87c8d609fdd3" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-01990529a3744fe28dc70c6661b845f0" data-id="01990529a3744fe28dc70c6661b845f0"><span><div id="01990529a3744fe28dc70c6661b845f0" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#01990529a3744fe28dc70c6661b845f0" title="荣誉奖励"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">荣誉奖励</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-0ca591a24f1449869d9bfb37364e2987">1.标注时间、级别、名称；</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-ffa8ae143b2b453abe646b503fce7b82">2.可以重要程度从上到下排列，最重要最突出的奖励放在显眼的位置；</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-6288201104c14a2fa1a2e3347fc7cbd4"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Adc4bc535-5360-45d8-9e55-e85fec8225e8%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=62882011-04c1-4a2f-a1a2-e3347fc7cbd4&amp;t=62882011-04c1-4a2f-a1a2-e3347fc7cbd4" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-text notion-block-d14c3c583c304ad187ebec6e15f6da30"><b>案例</b></div><div class="notion-text notion-block-44b92e5ed5e044609fd720531ed9450c"><b>所获证书荣誉应与应聘位或行业背景有关联能够优势</b></div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-00ed01f77ebb43b49b37ba11c3ba65dc"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Aa6507015-0007-4744-bb4f-01bf7fbcdc4d%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=00ed01f7-7ebb-43b4-9b37-ba11c3ba65dc&amp;t=00ed01f7-7ebb-43b4-9b37-ba11c3ba65dc" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-c8d0c4ebf434402f82eca4c183f8c69b"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Acdb5e506-d8ce-4e9c-8969-e3f18ba6c8bb%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=c8d0c4eb-f434-402f-82ec-a4c183f8c69b&amp;t=c8d0c4eb-f434-402f-82ec-a4c183f8c69b" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-b7f30fc7c05448ce9f8b47d0fc1dcc87"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A28aad88b-155b-4d15-a156-e72862a00060%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=b7f30fc7-c054-48ce-9f8b-47d0fc1dcc87&amp;t=b7f30fc7-c054-48ce-9f8b-47d0fc1dcc87" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-00c7e5fa81c84941abc4f790e8ca1ce2"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Acb90d2db-814e-499c-b59b-99157e0db295%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=00c7e5fa-81c8-4941-abc4-f790e8ca1ce2&amp;t=00c7e5fa-81c8-4941-abc4-f790e8ca1ce2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><div class="notion-blank notion-block-7548572c5b5a4518a8c43308318dbab7"> </div><div class="notion-blank notion-block-ae4d36bea3a24f009fc62c5f84e45b04"> </div><h4 class="notion-h notion-h3 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-29d3bbe67707482eafee5d6cfdf73543" data-id="29d3bbe67707482eafee5d6cfdf73543"><span><div id="29d3bbe67707482eafee5d6cfdf73543" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#29d3bbe67707482eafee5d6cfdf73543" title="补充信息（自我评价）"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">补充信息（自我评价）</span></span></h4><div class="notion-text notion-block-9695dfa7d3e347958fd8860d7a4680d2">1.根据岗位要求，凸出你的重点，不要过分长文，自我评价精简干练；</div><div class="notion-text notion-block-10dd7624a2814f45a4f8e5f4d64d93e5">2.根据自己的实际情况；力求客观真实；适度美化，切忌浮夸；勿故作幽默；不宜太长；</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-bcec345cf6d84b468aa3b493ed62e19b"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A476afeba-e30e-4a33-9017-0158abab23a1%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=bcec345c-f6d8-4b46-8aa3-b493ed62e19b&amp;t=bcec345c-f6d8-4b46-8aa3-b493ed62e19b" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-03c83047f1554fe4a178d94de642d361" data-id="03c83047f1554fe4a178d94de642d361"><span><div id="03c83047f1554fe4a178d94de642d361" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#03c83047f1554fe4a178d94de642d361" title="总结"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">总结</span></span></h3><div class="notion-text notion-block-258bf425e5774834badca0320cdf3783">1.不要有错别字；</div><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-5fede89889ea4d8ab3ed2c0ac8b64d0d"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:100%;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column;height:100%"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Ac434f2aa-f69a-4062-9b8d-6437286ce6ce%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=5fede898-89ea-4d8a-b3ed-2c0ac8b64d0d&amp;t=5fede898-89ea-4d8a-b3ed-2c0ac8b64d0d" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h3 class="notion-h notion-h2 notion-h-indent-1 notion-block-20ab557f14e94f6cadc74eb8bf64f212" data-id="20ab557f14e94f6cadc74eb8bf64f212"><span><div id="20ab557f14e94f6cadc74eb8bf64f212" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#20ab557f14e94f6cadc74eb8bf64f212" title="优秀简历模板"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">优秀简历模板</span></span></h3><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-2fd86cacd36843869410511c54b83852"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:720px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A014278e5-8c80-4223-acd7-e8846adbc3f6%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=2fd86cac-d368-4386-9410-511c54b83852&amp;t=2fd86cac-d368-4386-9410-511c54b83852" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-06025c1520384c6dbeba18ec7c21b3e2"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:422.9976806640625px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3A7e59a98f-12aa-4cd9-8f29-bbc12fa26883%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=06025c15-2038-4c6d-beba-18ec7c21b3e2&amp;t=06025c15-2038-4c6d-beba-18ec7c21b3e2" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-05f366c70bf44c1083e7d3bbab930f79" data-id="05f366c70bf44c1083e7d3bbab930f79"><span><div id="05f366c70bf44c1083e7d3bbab930f79" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#05f366c70bf44c1083e7d3bbab930f79" title="投递技巧"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">投递技巧</span></span></h2><figure class="notion-asset-wrapper notion-asset-wrapper-image notion-block-283dfd3643364fabbbd892470c785a5b"><div style="position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-self:center;width:435.9837951660156px;max-width:100%;flex-direction:column"><img style="object-fit:cover" src="https://www.notion.so/image/attachment%3Ae1db0593-7762-4f25-a7f9-80952e08a1c7%3AUntitled.png?table=block&amp;id=283dfd36-4336-4fab-bbd8-92470c785a5b&amp;t=283dfd36-4336-4fab-bbd8-92470c785a5b" alt="notion image" loading="lazy" decoding="async"/></div></figure><h2 class="notion-h notion-h1 notion-h-indent-0 notion-block-827a73354bfa4c51a84cf7ade2ba234f" data-id="827a73354bfa4c51a84cf7ade2ba234f"><span><div id="827a73354bfa4c51a84cf7ade2ba234f" class="notion-header-anchor"></div><a class="notion-hash-link" href="#827a73354bfa4c51a84cf7ade2ba234f" title="简历模板"><svg viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" height="16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.775 3.275a.75.75 0 001.06 1.06l1.25-1.25a2 2 0 112.83 2.83l-2.5 2.5a2 2 0 01-2.83 0 .75.75 0 00-1.06 1.06 3.5 3.5 0 004.95 0l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95-4.95l-1.25 1.25zm-4.69 9.64a2 2 0 010-2.83l2.5-2.5a2 2 0 012.83 0 .75.75 0 001.06-1.06 3.5 3.5 0 00-4.95 0l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 004.95 4.95l1.25-1.25a.75.75 0 00-1.06-1.06l-1.25 1.25a2 2 0 01-2.83 0z"></path></svg></a><span class="notion-h-title">简历模板</span></span></h2><div class="notion-file notion-block-2471b0cef0ad4b52b8d11b0613efdb72"><a class="notion-file-link" 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